Sharlaimova N S, Petukhova O A
Tsitologiia. 2016;58(9):720-9.
Identification and characterization of cells responsible for the restoration of tissues in adult organisms is one of the main problems in regenerative biology. In this study, the comparative histological analysis of cellular suspensions in coelomic fluid (CF) and coelomic epithelium (CE) of two close species of Asteroidea has been done. Particular attention was paid to characteristics of small epithelial cells (SECs, diameter 4 mm) with high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio more 0.9 and without visible signs of differentiation. Cells of this type constitute a significant proportion in CE in Asterias rubens, show proliferative activity and are probably the progenitor cells for the coelomocytes. Small cells with parameters identical to those of A. rubens SECs have been found both in CF and CE of A. amurensis. We have found subpopulation of weakly attached CE cells highly enriched with SECs-1. These cells were able to migrate from CE. Analysis of adhesion ability of CF and CE cells has revelaled the same patterns for these two closely releated starfish. Two-week primary cultures have demonstrated the speciality of A. amurensis CE cells consisting in the formation of «crystals», the potential centers of spiculogenesis that have not been revealed in A. rubens. Both small cells and larger cells with nuclear-cytoplasmic ration lower than 0.7 demonstrated proliferative activity in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, more high mitotic activity of coelomocytes has been found in A. amurensis. The hypotheses of coelomocytes origin are discussed.
识别和鉴定负责成年生物体组织修复的细胞是再生生物学的主要问题之一。在本研究中，对两种近缘海星的体腔液（CF）和体腔上皮（CE）中的细胞悬液进行了比较组织学分析。特别关注了小上皮细胞（SECs，直径4毫米）的特征，其核质比大于0.9，且无明显分化迹象。这种类型的细胞在红海星的CE中占很大比例，具有增殖活性，可能是体腔细胞的祖细胞。在黑龙江海星的CF和CE中都发现了参数与红海星SECs相同的小细胞。我们发现了一个高度富集SECs-1的弱附着CE细胞亚群。这些细胞能够从CE迁移。对CF和CE细胞黏附能力的分析揭示了这两种近缘海星的相同模式。为期两周的原代培养证明了黑龙江海星CE细胞的特殊性，即形成了“晶体”，这是在红海星中未发现的潜在骨针形成中心。小细胞和核质比低于0.7的较大细胞在体内和体外均表现出增殖活性。此外，在黑龙江海星中发现体腔细胞具有更高的有丝分裂活性。文中还讨论了体腔细胞起源的假说。
