Sharlaimova Natalia, Shabelnikov Sergey, Petukhova Olga
Department of Cell Cultures, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
Cell Tissue Res. 2014 Apr;356(1):83-95. doi: 10.1007/s00441-013-1766-8. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
Echinoderms, due to their outstanding potential for regeneration, are widely used as experimental models for research in regenerative biology. One of the main problems in this field concerns identification and characterization of cells responsible for the restoration of lost body parts and organs in adult animals. In this study, we analyze the probable candidates for this role in the starfish Asterias rubens L., namely, small coelomic epithelial cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio that have the ability to proliferate. These cells are one of several cell types common to the coelomic epithelium (CE) and coelomic fluid (CF). They are analyzed with respect to morphology, proportion in the total cell pool, dynamics after injury and distribution between CE and CF. The results of whole-mount and scanning electron microscopy provide evidence that these small cells occupy a boundary position between CE and CF. Moreover, a novel subpopulation of CE cells is identified that is enriched (up to 50 %) with small epitheliocytes capable of migrating from CE into the CF. As shown in experiments with BrdU incorporation and anti-phospho-histone H3 antibody staining, small epitheliocytes cultured on laminin retain proliferative activity for at least 1 month and can form colony-like aggregates. Two types of small proliferating cells are distinguished by their behavior in culture: some cells remain attached to the substrate and form aggregates, while others detach from the substrate during culturing. The morphology of small epitheliocytes, their proliferative activity in vivo and in vitro and the ability to migrate suggest that they possess certain properties characteristic of stem cells.
棘皮动物因其卓越的再生潜力，被广泛用作再生生物学研究的实验模型。该领域的主要问题之一涉及识别和表征负责成年动物丢失身体部位和器官恢复的细胞。在本研究中，我们分析了海星红斑海盘车（Asterias rubens L.）中可能承担此角色的细胞，即具有高核质比且能够增殖的小型体腔上皮细胞。这些细胞是体腔上皮（CE）和体腔液（CF）共有的几种细胞类型之一。我们从形态、在总细胞库中的比例、损伤后的动态变化以及在CE和CF之间的分布等方面对它们进行了分析。整体装片和扫描电子显微镜的结果表明，这些小细胞占据了CE和CF之间的边界位置。此外，还鉴定出了一种新的CE细胞亚群，其中富含（高达50%）能够从CE迁移到CF中的小上皮细胞。如BrdU掺入实验和抗磷酸化组蛋白H3抗体染色所示，在层粘连蛋白上培养的小上皮细胞至少1个月内保持增殖活性，并能形成集落样聚集体。根据它们在培养中的行为可区分出两种类型的小增殖细胞：一些细胞仍附着于底物并形成聚集体，而另一些细胞在培养过程中从底物上脱离。小上皮细胞的形态、其在体内和体外的增殖活性以及迁移能力表明它们具有某些干细胞特有的特性。
