Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
National Institute for Health Innovation, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2018 Sep 1;10(9):1198. doi: 10.3390/nu10091198.
Low sodium and high potassium intakes in childhood protect against rises in blood pressure (BP) and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Our aim was to pilot methods for collection of 24-h urine samples (gold standard) and diet recalls to assess sodium and potassium intakes and their food sources in 30 children aged 8⁻11 years at one New Zealand primary school. A diverse sample ( = 27) was recruited over a two-week period. All children provided a urine sample (71% complete) and interviewer-assisted 24-h diet recall (Intake24 software). Median (range) sodium intake was 2191 (1087 to 4786) mg/day (salt equivalent 5.5 g), potassium intake was 1776 (800⁻2981) mg/day, BP was 105 (84⁻129)/62 (53⁻89) mmHg, and sodium to potassium molar ratio was 2.0 (1.1⁻4.8). Frequent use of discretionary salt was uncommon. Major food sources of sodium were bread, pies and pastries, and bread and pasta-based dishes, and potassium were sauces and condiments, dairy products, and non-alcoholic beverages. Most participants provided adequate data and enjoyed taking part. A larger survey is warranted to confirm findings and inform a potential intervention(s). Small improvements to study procedures and resources should improve completeness of urine samples and quality of 24-h diet recall data.
儿童时期摄入低钠和高钾可预防血压升高（BP）和日后心血管疾病（CVD）的风险。我们的目的是探索收集 24 小时尿液样本（金标准）和饮食回忆的方法，以评估 1 所新西兰小学 30 名 8-11 岁儿童的钠和钾摄入量及其食物来源。在两周的时间内，我们招募了一个多样化的样本（n=27）。所有儿童均提供了尿液样本（71%完整）和访谈者辅助的 24 小时饮食回忆（Intake24 软件）。中位数（范围）钠摄入量为 2191（1087 至 4786）mg/天（盐当量 5.5g），钾摄入量为 1776（800 至 2981）mg/天，血压为 105（84 至 129）/62（53 至 89）mmHg，钠与钾的摩尔比为 2.0（1.1 至 4.8）。经常使用随意盐的情况并不常见。钠的主要食物来源是面包、馅饼和糕点，以及面包和意大利面为主的菜肴，而钾的主要食物来源是酱汁和调味料、乳制品和非酒精饮料。大多数参与者提供了足够的数据并享受参与其中。需要进行更大规模的调查来确认研究结果并为潜在的干预措施提供信息。对研究程序和资源进行微小改进应能提高尿液样本的完整性和 24 小时饮食回忆数据的质量。
