Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Avenida Salvador Allende, n° 702, 1111 Maputo, Mozambique.
Nutrients. 2017 Aug 3;9(8):830. doi: 10.3390/nu9080830.
This study aimed to evaluate the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, and to estimate the main food sources of sodium in Maputo dwellers. A cross-sectional evaluation of a sample of 100 hospital workers was conducted between October 2012 and May 2013. Sodium and potassium urinary excretion was assessed in a 24-h urine sample; creatinine excretion was used to exclude unlikely urine values. Food intake in the same period of urine collection was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. The Food Processor Plus was used to estimate sodium intake corresponding to naturally occurring sodium and sodium added to processed foods (non-discretionary sodium). Salt added during culinary preparations (discretionary sodium) was computed as the difference between urinary sodium excretion and non-discretionary sodium. The mean (standard deviation) urinary sodium excretion was 4220 (1830) mg/day, and 92% of the participants were above the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Discretionary sodium contributed 60.1% of total dietary sodium intake, followed by sodium from processed foods (29.0%) and naturally occurring sodium (10.9%). The mean (standard deviation) urinary potassium excretion was 1909 (778) mg/day, and 96% of the participants were below the WHO potassium intake recommendation. The mean (standard deviation) sodium to potassium molar ratio was 4.2 (2.4). Interventions to decrease sodium and increase potassium intake are needed in Mozambique.
本研究旨在评估莫桑比克首都马普托居民的尿钠和尿钾排泄情况，并估计钠的主要食物来源。2012 年 10 月至 2013 年 5 月期间，对 100 名医院工作人员进行了横断面评估。通过 24 小时尿液样本评估钠和钾的尿排泄量；用肌酐排泄量来排除可能的尿液值。在同一时期，通过 24 小时膳食回顾评估食物摄入量。使用 Food Processor Plus 估计与天然存在的钠和加工食品中添加的钠（非随意性钠）相应的钠摄入量。烹饪过程中添加的盐（随意性钠）是通过尿钠排泄量与非随意性钠的差值计算得出。平均（标准差）尿钠排泄量为 4220（1830）mg/天，92%的参与者超过了世界卫生组织（WHO）的建议。随意性钠占总膳食钠摄入量的 60.1%，其次是加工食品中的钠（29.0%）和天然存在的钠（10.9%）。平均（标准差）尿钾排泄量为 1909（778）mg/天，96%的参与者低于 WHO 的钾摄入建议。钠与钾的摩尔比平均值为 4.2（2.4）。莫桑比克需要采取措施减少钠的摄入和增加钾的摄入。
