Human Nutrition and Pharma, Balchem Corporation, 52 Sunrise Park Road, New Hampton, NY 10958, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
Nutrients. 2018 Sep 1;10(9):1202. doi: 10.3390/nu10091202.
Magnesium is a critical mineral in the human body and is involved in ~80% of known metabolic functions. It is currently estimated that 60% of adults do not achieve the average dietary intake (ADI) and 45% of Americans are magnesium deficient, a condition associated with disease states like hypertension, diabetes, and neurological disorders, to name a few. Magnesium deficiency can be attributed to common dietary practices, medications, and farming techniques, along with estimates that the mineral content of vegetables has declined by as much as 80⁻90% in the last 100 years. However, despite this mineral's importance, it is poorly understood from several standpoints, not the least of which is its unique mechanism of absorption and sensitive compartmental handling in the body, making the determination of magnesium status difficult. The reliance on several popular sample assays has contributed to a great deal of confusion in the literature. This review will discuss causes of magnesium deficiency, absorption, handling, and compartmentalization in the body, highlighting the challenges this creates in determining magnesium status in both clinical and research settings.
镁是人体中一种重要的矿物质，参与了约 80%的已知代谢功能。目前估计，60%的成年人无法达到平均膳食摄入量 (ADI)，45%的美国人存在镁缺乏，这种情况与高血压、糖尿病和神经紊乱等疾病状态有关，仅举几例。镁缺乏可归因于常见的饮食实践、药物和农业技术，以及据估计，在过去的 100 年中，蔬菜中的矿物质含量下降了多达 80-90%。然而，尽管这种矿物质非常重要，但从几个角度来看，它的了解还很有限，其中最不为人知的是它在体内独特的吸收机制和敏感的隔室处理，这使得确定镁的状态变得困难。对几种流行的样本检测方法的依赖导致了文献中的大量混淆。本综述将讨论镁缺乏的原因、吸收、处理和体内隔室化，突出了在临床和研究环境中确定镁状态所面临的挑战。
