Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Ivan Pavlov 6, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
Faculty of Economics, Universidad Calos III de Madrid, C/ Madrid, 126, 28903 Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018 Sep 10;16(1):177. doi: 10.1186/s12955-018-1003-y.
The short, self-administered Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Symptom Frequency Questionnaire (GSFQ) is a specific Quality of Life (QoL) instrument which measures the impact of GERD symptoms on QoL. This study aims to map the specific scores in GSFQ into two generic instruments: SF-6D and EQ-5D-3 L, in order to obtain utility estimates derived from the GERD condition.
A national representative sample of GERD patients was selected, stratified by gender, age (< 45, ≥45 years) and GERD severity (0-I, II-IV Savary-Miller score) for validation purposes. Age, gender, BMI, GERD diagnose, GERD severity, associated comorbidities and risk factors were recorded. GSFQ, SF-6D, EQ-5D-3 L, and the HRQoL Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were answered by patients. Several mapping methods were estimated, regression using dummy variables, and linear, quadratic and cubic regression using optimal factor scores. The use of a GERD aggregated summary severity derived from the GSFQ was dimed the best predictor. Overall Mean Absolute Error (MAE), overall Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) were used as goodness-of-fit (GOF) indexes to compare models.
A total of 3405 patients were recruited by 490 clinicians. Mean age was 49 (±14.4) years and 49.8% were women. Reported comorbidities were clustered in 6 antecedents and 15 concomitant pathologies. Aggregation of levels for the frequency of symptoms items was found more suitable for estimation. Regression weights were found to follow a monotonous progressive pattern. Overall MAE ranged from 0.092 to 0.094 for SF-6D utility prediction and from 0.008 to 0.08 for EQ-5D-3 L, while MAPE values ranged from 27.9 to 29% for SF-6D and from 36.8 to 38.4% for EQ-5D-3 L. Cubic regression GOF demonstrated a better fit.
It is possible to translate specific GSFQ scores assessing GERD condition into generic SF-6D and EQ-5D-3 L utility values. Although regression using dummy variables is a suitable mapping procedure, other alternative mapping methods convey better fit, in particular cubic regression.
简短的、自我管理的胃食管反流病（GERD）症状频率问卷（GSFQ）是一种特定的生活质量（QoL）工具，用于衡量 GERD 症状对 QoL 的影响。本研究旨在将 GSFQ 的特定分数映射到两个通用量表：SF-6D 和 EQ-5D-3L，以获得源自 GERD 状况的效用估计值。
选择了 GERD 患者的全国代表性样本，按性别、年龄（<45 岁，≥45 岁）和 GERD 严重程度（Savary-Miller 评分 0-Ⅰ、Ⅱ-Ⅳ）进行分层，用于验证目的。记录年龄、性别、BMI、GERD 诊断、GERD 严重程度、相关合并症和危险因素。患者回答 GSFQ、SF-6D、EQ-5D-3L 和 HRQoL 视觉模拟量表（VAS）。估计了几种映射方法，使用哑变量的回归，以及使用最佳因子分数的线性、二次和三次回归。使用源自 GSFQ 的 GERD 综合严重程度汇总被证明是最佳预测因子。总体平均绝对误差（MAE）和总体平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）被用作拟合优度（GOF）指标来比较模型。
共招募了 3405 名患者，由 490 名临床医生完成。平均年龄为 49（±14.4）岁，其中 49.8%为女性。报告的合并症集中在 6 个前因和 15 个同时存在的病理。发现症状项目频率的水平汇总更适合估计。回归权重呈现单调递增模式。SF-6D 效用预测的总体 MAE 范围为 0.092 至 0.094，EQ-5D-3L 的 MAE 范围为 0.008 至 0.08，SF-6D 的 MAPE 值范围为 27.9%至 29%，EQ-5D-3L 的 MAPE 值范围为 36.8%至 38.4%。三次回归 GOF 表现出更好的拟合度。
可以将评估 GERD 状况的特定 GSFQ 分数转换为通用的 SF-6D 和 EQ-5D-3L 效用值。虽然使用哑变量的回归是一种合适的映射程序，但其他替代映射方法的拟合度更好，特别是三次回归。
