School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.
Curr Biol. 2018 Sep 10;28(17):R984-R988. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.050.
Knowledge of where things are in one's habitual surroundings cannot be encoded genetically and must be acquired in those surroundings. Many ants, bees and wasps forage from a home base and before doing so learn where resources are to be found and how to return with them to their nest. A significant component of this navigational learning seems to be the acquisition of panoramic views that insects record close to their nests and resource sites and along the paths between these places. Behavioural evidence indicates that these views are retinotopic, meaning, for instance, that an insect knows that it faces along a familiar route, if the image on its retina matches a view that it had previously recorded, when facing in that direction during route learning.
对自身所处环境中事物位置的了解无法通过基因编码获得，而必须在这些环境中习得。许多蚂蚁、蜜蜂和胡蜂会从一个大本营出发觅食，在出发前，它们会学习到资源的位置以及如何带着资源返回巢穴。这种导航学习的一个重要组成部分似乎是获取全景视图，昆虫会在巢穴和资源点附近以及在这些地方之间的路径上记录这些视图。行为证据表明，这些视图具有视网膜拓扑性质，例如，如果昆虫的视网膜上的图像与它在路线学习过程中朝着那个方向面对时记录的视图匹配，那么它就知道自己正沿着一条熟悉的路线前进。
