Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Graduate School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Int J Psychol. 2019 Dec;54(6):775-785. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12530. Epub 2018 Sep 11.
Time perspective research assesses the degree to which thoughts and feelings about the past, present and future influence behaviour, and a balanced time perspective profile has been posited as being ideal. Although this area of research has seen a move towards person-centred analyses, using either cluster analyses or a deviation from balanced time perspective (DBTP) approach, there are a number of theoretical and methodological issues that must be addressed. Using data from diverse samples in four countries, the present study used both cluster analyses and the DBTP approach to assess how cluster membership and DBTP scores related to a range of health and well-being outcomes. As in previous studies, a balanced profile only emerged once in cluster analyses, and positive-oriented profiles were associated with optimal outcomes. The study also found evidence of a relationship between DBTP scores and scores on well-being indicators. However, results gained after manipulating the DBTP equation in two different ways again indicated that higher than expected positive past and present or past and future scores were responsible for the positive outcomes. As such, these findings raise concerns regarding the use of the DBTP construct within clinical settings.
时间视角研究评估了过去、现在和未来的想法和感受对行为的影响程度，并且已经提出了平衡的时间视角特征作为理想的状态。尽管这一研究领域已经朝着以人为中心的分析方法发展，包括聚类分析或偏离平衡时间视角（DBTP）的方法，但仍存在一些必须解决的理论和方法问题。本研究使用来自四个国家的不同样本数据，同时使用聚类分析和 DBTP 方法来评估聚类成员身份和 DBTP 分数与一系列健康和幸福感结果之间的关系。与之前的研究一样，在聚类分析中仅出现一次平衡的特征，而积极导向的特征与最佳结果相关。该研究还发现了 DBTP 分数与幸福感指标分数之间存在关系的证据。然而，在以两种不同方式操纵 DBTP 方程后获得的结果再次表明，过去和现在或过去和未来的分数高于预期的积极分数是导致积极结果的原因。因此，这些发现引起了人们对在临床环境中使用 DBTP 结构的关注。
