Rönnlund Michael, Åström Elisabeth, Westlin Wendela, Flodén Lisa, Unger Alexander, Papastamatelou Julie, Carelli Maria Grazia
Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Ludwigshafen University of Business and Society, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 16;12:627836. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627836. eCollection 2021.
A major aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between time perspective, i.e., habitual ways of relating to the past, present, and future, and sleep quality. A second aim was to test a model by which the expected negative relationship between deviation from a balanced time perspective (DBTP), a measure taking temporal biases across all three time frames into account, and life satisfaction was mediated by poor sleep quality. To these ends, a sample of young adults ( = 386) completed a version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). A measure of chronotype was in addition included for control purposes. Bivariate analyses revealed that the S-ZTPI subscales Past Negative, Future Negative and Present Fatalistic were associated with poorer sleep quality (higher PSQI scores), with significant associations in the opposite direction for Past Positive and Future Positive. However, DBTP was the strongest predictor of (poorer) sleep quality, suggesting that time perspective biases have an additive effect on sleep quality. Regression analyses with PSQI as the dependent variable and all six ZTPI subscales as the predictors indicated that time perspective accounted for about 20% of the variance in sleep quality (17% beyond chronotype), with Past Negative, Past Positive, and Future Negative as the unique predictors. The results additionally confirmed a strong relationship between DBTP and life satisfaction. Finally, data were consistent with the hypothesis that the association of DBTP and life satisfaction is mediated, in part, by sleep quality. Taken together, the results confirmed a substantial link between time perspective sleep-related problems, factors that may have a negative impact on life satisfaction.
本研究的一个主要目的是考察时间观念，即与过去、现在和未来建立联系的习惯方式，与睡眠质量之间的关系。第二个目的是检验一个模型，即偏离平衡时间观念（DBTP，一种考虑了所有三个时间框架内时间偏差的测量方法）与生活满意度之间预期的负相关关系是由睡眠质量差介导的。为此，一组年轻成年人（N = 386）完成了一份津巴多时间观念量表（S-ZTPI）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）和生活满意度量表（SWLS）。此外，还纳入了一项昼夜节律类型测量用于控制目的。双变量分析显示，S-ZTPI分量表“过去消极”“未来消极”和“现在宿命论”与较差的睡眠质量（PSQI得分较高）相关，而“过去积极”和“未来积极”则呈现相反方向的显著关联。然而，DBTP是（较差）睡眠质量的最强预测因子，表明时间观念偏差对睡眠质量有累加效应。以PSQI为因变量、所有六个ZTPI分量表为预测因子的回归分析表明，时间观念占睡眠质量方差的约20%（超出昼夜节律类型的17%），“过去消极”“过去积极”和“未来消极”为独特的预测因子。结果还证实了DBTP与生活满意度之间的紧密关系。最后，数据与以下假设一致，即DBTP与生活满意度之间的关联部分是由睡眠质量介导的。综上所述，结果证实了时间观念与睡眠相关问题之间的实质性联系，这些因素可能对生活满意度产生负面影响。
