Martins Anabela Correia, Santos Cláudia, Silva Catarina, Baltazar Daniela, Moreira Juliana, Tavares Nuno
IPC ESTeSC Coimbra Health School, Physiotherapy Department, Fall Sensing Project, Coimbra, Portugal.
Prev Med Rep. 2018 Jul 10;11:231-239. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.06.015. eCollection 2018 Sep.
Exercise interventions focused on strength and balance are effective for falls prevention in older people, however compliance to exercise is often a problem. Tailored intervention programs are recommended to meet the person preferences and increase compliance. Otago Exercise Program (OEP) is the most disseminated fall prevention program and is individually prescribed at home. The purpose of this study was to identify OEP modified formats and investigate their effects on balance when compared to its original form of delivering. Four electronic databases were searched, PubMed, PEDro, Science Direct and Scopus, between January and February 2017. Eligibility criteria included experimental or qualitative design studies conducted among older adults (≥50 years) at risk of falling, ongoing exercise interventions with modified formats of OEP. The primary outcome was balance. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, five were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), two were quasi-experimental and one was a qualitative study. Therefore, a qualitative analysis was performed. Modified formats of OEP included additional vestibular or multisensory balance exercises, augmented reality, exercise in group and a DVD delivering format (in group or individual). In general, all studies using OEP modified formats reported improvements on balance and functional ability. However, it remains unclear if it is as effective as the original OEP and which modified format is more effective.
专注于力量和平衡的运动干预对预防老年人跌倒有效，然而运动的依从性往往是个问题。建议采用量身定制的干预方案，以满足个人偏好并提高依从性。奥塔哥运动方案（OEP）是传播最广的预防跌倒方案，在家庭中按个人情况开具。本研究的目的是确定OEP的改良形式，并调查与原始实施形式相比，它们对平衡的影响。2017年1月至2月期间，检索了四个电子数据库，即PubMed、PEDro、ScienceDirect和Scopus。纳入标准包括针对有跌倒风险的老年人（≥50岁）开展的实验性或定性设计研究，以及采用OEP改良形式的持续运动干预。主要结果是平衡。采用系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目指南。八项研究符合纳入标准，五项为随机对照试验（RCT），两项为准实验研究，一项为定性研究。因此，进行了定性分析。OEP的改良形式包括额外的前庭或多感官平衡练习、增强现实、团体运动以及DVD交付形式（团体或个人）。总体而言，所有使用OEP改良形式的研究均报告了平衡和功能能力的改善。然而，它是否与原始的OEP一样有效，以及哪种改良形式更有效仍不清楚。
