Galvez Marcelo, Asahi Takeshi, Baar Alejandro, Carcuro Giovanni, Cuchacovich Natalio, Fuentes Jorge A, Mardones Rodrigo, Montoya Carlos E, Negrin Roberto, Otayza Felipe, Rojas Gonzalo M, Chahin Andrés
Department of Radiology (Dr. Galvez), the Medical Biomodeling Laboratory, Department of Radiology (Mr. Asahi, Mr. Fuentes, Mr. Montoya, and Mr. Rojas), the Department of Traumatology (Dr. Baar, Dr. Carcuro, Dr. Cuchacovich, Dr. Mardones, and Dr. Negrin), the Advanced Epilepsy Center (Dr. Otayza), and the Spine Center, Department of Traumatology (Dr. Chahin), Santiago, Chile.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2018 May 17;2(5):e071. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-17-00071. eCollection 2018 May.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a technique based on overlapping layers of a material (eg, plastic, clay, and metal). The widespread implementation of 3D printers has resulted in a notable increase in use. Fields such as construction, engineering, and medicine benefit from this technique.
The use of 3D printed scale models permits better surgical planning and results.
The models were created based on CT images of seven patients (age range, 5 to 61 years) with different pathologies who were candidates for surgery.
Surgical time decreased as a result of detailed surgical planning with printed models. This technique also was associated with a decrease in bleeding, a reduction in the amount of anesthesia required, and greater precision. In some patients, a change in surgical strategy was noted, thus allowing for a reduction in the number of surgeries and the aggressiveness of surgery. Finally, the preoperative practice (virtual and physical osteotomies using cutting tools) that was performed in two cases allowed the surgeon to evaluate the different approach alternatives and establish the best strategy.
The use of 3D-printed anatomic models has improved surgical planning, especially for patients in whom the conventional techniques are insufficient for establishing a proper strategy. The extra information provided by 3D-printed models can lead to a better intervention strategy, which is beneficial for patients because it decreases the risks, procedure times, and recovery times.
三维（3D）打印是一种基于材料（如塑料、黏土和金属）重叠层的技术。3D打印机的广泛应用导致其使用量显著增加。建筑、工程和医学等领域都受益于这项技术。
使用3D打印的比例模型可实现更好的手术规划并取得更好的手术效果。
基于7例不同病理情况且适合手术的患者（年龄范围为5至61岁）的CT图像创建模型。
通过使用打印模型进行详细的手术规划，手术时间缩短。该技术还与出血减少、所需麻醉量降低以及更高的精确度相关。在一些患者中，手术策略发生了改变，从而减少了手术次数并降低了手术的侵袭性。最后，在两例患者中进行的术前练习（使用切割工具进行虚拟和实体截骨）使外科医生能够评估不同的手术方法选择并确定最佳策略。
使用3D打印的解剖模型改善了手术规划，特别是对于那些传统技术不足以制定合适策略的患者。3D打印模型提供的额外信息可带来更好的干预策略，这对患者有益，因为它降低了风险、缩短了手术时间和恢复时间。
