Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Paul Brousse Hospital, Paris-Sud University, INSERM U1000, Villejuif, France.
Addictogilance center (CEIP-A), Fernand Widal Hospital, Paris, France.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Nov;106:133-140. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.010. Epub 2018 Sep 12.
Synthetic opioids (SO) are a major risk for public health across the world. These drugs can be divided into 2 categories, pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical fentanyls. A new generation of SO has emerged on the drug market since 2010. North America is currently facing an opioid epidemic of morbi-mortality, caused by over-prescription of opioids, illegally diverted prescribed medicines, the increasing use of heroin and the emergence of SO. Furthermore, this opioid crisis is also seen in Europe. SO are new psychoactive substances characterized by different feature such as easy availability on the Internet, low price, purity, legality, and lack of detection in laboratory tests. They have not been approved or are not recommended for human use. Opioid misuse is associated with somatic and psychiatric complications. For many substances, limited pharmacological information is available, increasing the risk of harmful adverse events. Health actors and the general population need to be clearly informed of the potential risks and consequences of the diffusion and use of SO.
合成阿片类药物（SO）是全球公共卫生的主要风险。这些药物可分为两类，即医药类芬太尼和非医药类芬太尼。自 2010 年以来，新一类的 SO 出现在毒品市场上。北美目前正面临着一种阿片类药物的生死存亡的流行，这是由阿片类药物的过度处方、非法转移处方药物、海洛因使用的增加和 SO 的出现造成的。此外，欧洲也出现了这种阿片类药物危机。SO 是新的精神活性物质，其特点是在互联网上易于获得、价格低廉、纯度高、合法，以及在实验室检测中不易被发现。它们未经批准或不推荐用于人类使用。阿片类药物的滥用与躯体和精神并发症有关。对于许多物质，可用的药理学信息有限，增加了有害不良事件的风险。卫生行为者和一般公众需要明确了解 SO 的扩散和使用可能带来的潜在风险和后果。
