Islinger Markus, Voelkl Alfred, Fahimi H Dariush, Schrader Michael
Institute of Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Manheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Histochem Cell Biol. 2018 Nov;150(5):443-471. doi: 10.1007/s00418-018-1722-5. Epub 2018 Sep 15.
Peroxisomes are key metabolic organelles, which contribute to cellular lipid metabolism, e.g. the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of myelin sheath lipids, as well as cellular redox balance. Peroxisomal dysfunction has been linked to severe metabolic disorders in man, but peroxisomes are now also recognized as protective organelles with a wider significance in human health and potential impact on a large number of globally important human diseases such as neurodegeneration, obesity, cancer, and age-related disorders. Therefore, the interest in peroxisomes and their physiological functions has significantly increased in recent years. In this review, we intend to highlight recent discoveries, advancements and trends in peroxisome research, and present an update as well as a continuation of two former review articles addressing the unsolved mysteries of this astonishing organelle. We summarize novel findings on the biological functions of peroxisomes, their biogenesis, formation, membrane dynamics and division, as well as on peroxisome-organelle contacts and cooperation. Furthermore, novel peroxisomal proteins and machineries at the peroxisomal membrane are discussed. Finally, we address recent findings on the role of peroxisomes in the brain, in neurological disorders, and in the development of cancer.
过氧化物酶体是关键的代谢细胞器，参与细胞脂质代谢，如脂肪酸的β-氧化和髓鞘脂质的合成，以及细胞氧化还原平衡。过氧化物酶体功能障碍与人类严重的代谢紊乱有关，但现在过氧化物酶体也被认为是具有更广泛意义的保护细胞器，对人类健康有潜在影响，并可能影响大量全球重要的人类疾病，如神经退行性疾病、肥胖症、癌症和与年龄相关的疾病。因此，近年来对过氧化物酶体及其生理功能的关注显著增加。在这篇综述中，我们旨在突出过氧化物酶体研究的最新发现、进展和趋势，并对两篇以前的综述文章进行更新和延续，这两篇文章探讨了这个惊人细胞器的未解之谜。我们总结了关于过氧化物酶体生物学功能、其生物发生、形成、膜动力学和分裂，以及过氧化物酶体与其他细胞器接触和合作的新发现。此外，还讨论了过氧化物酶体膜上的新型过氧化物酶体蛋白和机制。最后，我们阐述了过氧化物酶体在大脑、神经疾病和癌症发展中的作用的最新发现。
