Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Centre for Translational Neuroscience, University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
Histochem Cell Biol. 2024 Feb;161(2):99-132. doi: 10.1007/s00418-023-02259-5. Epub 2024 Jan 20.
Peroxisomes are highly dynamic, oxidative organelles with key metabolic functions in cellular lipid metabolism, such as the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of myelin sheath lipids, as well as the regulation of cellular redox balance. Loss of peroxisomal functions causes severe metabolic disorders in humans. Furthermore, peroxisomes also fulfil protective roles in pathogen and viral defence and immunity, highlighting their wider significance in human health and disease. This has sparked increasing interest in peroxisome biology and their physiological functions. This review presents an update and a continuation of three previous review articles addressing the unsolved mysteries of this remarkable organelle. We continue to highlight recent discoveries, advancements, and trends in peroxisome research, and address novel findings on the metabolic functions of peroxisomes, their biogenesis, protein import, membrane dynamics and division, as well as on peroxisome-organelle membrane contact sites and organelle cooperation. Furthermore, recent insights into peroxisome organisation through super-resolution microscopy are discussed. Finally, we address new roles for peroxisomes in immune and defence mechanisms and in human disorders, and for peroxisomal functions in different cell/tissue types, in particular their contribution to organ-specific pathologies.
过氧化物酶体是高度动态的氧化细胞器，在细胞脂质代谢中具有关键的代谢功能，如脂肪酸的β氧化和髓鞘脂质的合成，以及细胞氧化还原平衡的调节。过氧化物酶体功能的丧失会导致人类严重的代谢紊乱。此外，过氧化物体在病原体和病毒防御和免疫中也发挥着保护作用，突出了它们在人类健康和疾病中的更广泛意义。这激发了人们对过氧化物体生物学及其生理功能的日益浓厚的兴趣。本综述介绍了对这个非凡细胞器的三个先前综述文章中未解决的奥秘的更新和延续。我们继续强调过氧化物体研究的最新发现、进展和趋势，并讨论过氧化物体代谢功能、生物发生、蛋白质导入、膜动态和分裂以及过氧化物体-细胞器膜接触位点和细胞器合作方面的新发现。此外，还讨论了通过超分辨率显微镜对过氧化物体组织的新见解。最后，我们讨论了过氧化物体在免疫和防御机制以及人类疾病中的新作用，以及过氧化物体在不同细胞/组织类型中的功能，特别是它们对特定于器官的病理学的贡献。
