Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Endocrine Centre, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
PLoS One. 2018 Sep 17;13(9):e0203945. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203945. eCollection 2018.
Efforts to understand the pathophysiology of bone fragility must focus on bone traits during growth. We hypothesized that variance in individual trait ranking in the population distribution is established by genetic factors and is reflected in foetal trait ranking in early pregnancy, but intrauterine factors modify trait ranking in late pregnancy, followed by the reinstating of this ranking during the first postnatal year. Thus, relations with paternal factors are present in early pregnancy but are then lost and subsequently reinstated postnatal. We recruited 399 healthy pregnant women aged 20-42 years from The Mercy Hospital for Woman in Melbourne, Australia. Foetal femur length (FL) and knee-heel length (KHL) were measured by ultrasound during gestation, and FL, KHL, body length and weight were measured in neonates, infants, and parents. The z-scores were calculated using Royston models. Pearson correlation was used to assess tracking and linear mixed models to test the associations. Correlations between FL and KHL z-scores of the same trait at 20 and 30 weeks gestation, at birth, and at 12 and 24 months of age (r = 0.1-0.3) and of body length and weight at birth, and 6, 12 and 24 months (r = 0.3-0.5) became more robust after 6-12 months (r = 0.4-0.8). FL and KHL z-scores at 20 weeks gestation accounted for 4-5% of total variance, while FL, KHL, body length and weight z-scores at birth accounted for 13-26% of total variance in the same traits at 24 months. Maternal FL and KHL were associated with foetal FL and KHL at 20 and 30 weeks, but there were no such associations for paternal FL and KHL with foetal traits during gestation. Both maternal and paternal traits were associated with infant traits. Tracking in traits is not established antenatal but is robustly established at 6-12 months of age.
要了解骨脆性的病理生理学，就必须关注生长过程中的骨骼特征。我们假设，个体特征在人群分布中的排名差异是由遗传因素决定的，并反映在妊娠早期的胎儿特征排名中，但宫内因素会在妊娠晚期改变特征排名，随后在出生后的第一年重新建立这种排名。因此，与父亲因素的关系存在于妊娠早期，但随后消失，随后再次出现。我们招募了 399 名年龄在 20-42 岁的健康孕妇，她们来自澳大利亚墨尔本的 Mercy 妇女医院。在妊娠期间通过超声测量胎儿股骨长度（FL）和膝-跟长度（KHL），在新生儿、婴儿和父母中测量 FL、KHL、身高和体重。使用 Royston 模型计算 z 分数。使用 Pearson 相关评估追踪关系，使用线性混合模型检验关联。在妊娠 20 周和 30 周、出生时以及 12 个月和 24 个月时，同一特征的 FL 和 KHL z 分数之间（r = 0.1-0.3），以及出生时的身高和体重，以及 6、12 和 24 个月（r = 0.3-0.5）之间的相关性在 6-12 个月后变得更加可靠（r = 0.4-0.8）。妊娠 20 周时的 FL 和 KHL z 分数占总方差的 4-5%，而出生时的 FL、KHL、身高和体重 z 分数占 24 个月时同一特征总方差的 13-26%。母亲的 FL 和 KHL 与胎儿在 20 周和 30 周时的 FL 和 KHL 相关，但父亲的 FL 和 KHL 与胎儿在妊娠期间的特征没有这样的关联。母亲和父亲的特征都与婴儿的特征相关。特征的追踪不是在产前建立的，而是在 6-12 个月时建立的。
