Knapik Joseph J, Pope Rodney, Orr Robin, Schram Ben
J Spec Oper Med. 2018 Fall;18(3):94-102. doi: 10.55460/V9VN-I71T.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder involving deterioration of articular cartilage and underlying bone and is associated with symptoms of pain and disability. The incidence of OA in the military increased over the period 2000 to 2012 and was the first or second leading cause of medical separations in this period. Risk factors for OA include older age, black race, genetics, higher body mass index, prior knee injury, and excessive joint loading. Animal studies indicate that moderate exercise can assist in maintaining normal cartilage, and individuals performing moderate levels of exercise show little evidence of OA. There is considerable evidence that among individuals who develop OA, moderate and regular exercise can reduce pain and disability. There is no firm evidence that any particular mode of exercise (e.g., aerobic training, resistance exercise) is more effective than another for reducing OA-related pain and disability, but limited research suggests that exercise should be lifelong and conducted at least three times per week for optimal effects.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种涉及关节软骨及其下方骨骼退化的病症，并伴有疼痛和残疾症状。2000年至2012年期间，军队中骨关节炎的发病率有所上升，在此期间它是医疗退役的首要或次要主要原因。骨关节炎的风险因素包括年龄较大、黑人种族、遗传因素、较高的体重指数、先前的膝盖损伤以及过度的关节负荷。动物研究表明，适度运动有助于维持正常软骨，进行适度运动的个体几乎没有骨关节炎的迹象。有大量证据表明，在患骨关节炎的个体中，适度且规律的运动可以减轻疼痛和残疾。没有确凿证据表明任何特定的运动方式（如有氧训练、抗阻运动）在减轻与骨关节炎相关的疼痛和残疾方面比另一种方式更有效，但有限的研究表明，运动应贯穿一生，且每周至少进行三次以达到最佳效果。
