Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
Neurotoxicology. 2018 Dec;69:47-59. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.09.002. Epub 2018 Sep 14.
Acrylamide is one of the food toxins to which the human body is exposed. Although researchers' interest in acrylamide has been growing in recent years, the knowledge of its effect on the gastrointestinal tract, especially on intramural neurons which form the enteric nervous system is scarce. The aim of this experiment was to determine the influence of acrylamide, administered at doses equivalent to the human tolerable daily intake (TDI, 0.5 μg/kg b.w./day) and ten times higher than the TDI (5 μg/kg b.w./day), on the distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) in intramural neurons of the domestic pig stomach. Using double immunofluorescent labelling we revealed that the ENS neurons underwent adaptive changes in response to the supplementation of acrylamide, which manifested themselves as increased expression of VIP, SP and CGRP, both in intramural neurons and by an increase in the nerve density in submucous and muscular layers in the porcine stomach. These substances take part in defensive reactions of neurons and transmission of sensory reactions may play an important role in protecting the stomach against the harmful effect of acrylamide. Moreover, it has been shown that acrylamide induces a significant response of ENS neurons even in TDI dose, which suggests that it is not neutral to the body. These findings may be the basis for further toxicological studies addressing the question if currently permitted minimal content of acrylamide in the food does jeopardize the health of human consumers?
丙烯酰胺是人体接触的食物毒素之一。尽管近年来研究人员对丙烯酰胺的兴趣日益增加，但对其对胃肠道的影响，尤其是对构成肠神经系统的壁内神经元的影响知之甚少。本实验旨在确定丙烯酰胺（以相当于人体可耐受日摄入量（TDI，0.5μg/kg b.w./天）和 TDI 十倍（5μg/kg b.w./天）的剂量）对家猪胃壁内神经元中血管活性肠肽（VIP）、P 物质（SP）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）分布的影响。通过双重免疫荧光标记，我们发现 ENS 神经元对丙烯酰胺的补充发生了适应性变化，表现为 VIP、SP 和 CGRP 的表达增加，不仅在壁内神经元中增加，而且在猪胃的粘膜下层和肌层中的神经密度也增加。这些物质参与神经元的防御反应，感觉反应的传递可能在保护胃免受丙烯酰胺的有害影响方面发挥重要作用。此外，研究表明，即使在 TDI 剂量下，丙烯酰胺也会引起 ENS 神经元的显著反应，这表明它对人体不是中性的。这些发现可能是进一步进行毒理学研究的基础，以解决目前允许食品中丙烯酰胺的最小含量是否会危及人类消费者健康的问题？
