Joseph Mini, Das Gupta Riddhi, Shetty Sahana, Ramachandran Roshna, Antony Geethu, Mathews Jiji, Benjamin Santhosh, Anoop Shajith, Rani Jansi Vimala, Thomas Nihal
1Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004 India.
2Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004 India.
J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2018 Oct;68(5):400-407. doi: 10.1007/s13224-017-1069-1. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
Diabetes is the most common condition in pregnancy with a worldwide prevalence of 16.9%.
To determine the adequacy of the nutrient intake of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus.
This is a cross-sectional study of 85 pregnant women who met the diagnostic inclusion criteria for diabetes mellitus (gestational and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus) and who were being managed at the outpatient clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Their demography, clinical characteristics (from updated medical records), anthropometric measures (using standard procedures), nutrient intake and meal pattern (obtained using 24 h recall, food frequency and their log diaries) were collected.
The mean age of the group was 29.9 + 4.5 years, 54% were in the second trimester of pregnancy with a mean glycosylated haemoglobin level of 6.3 + 1.4%. The mean BMI indicated that 47% of them were in the obese grade 1 category. Insulin was used in one-third of the population. The overall macronutrient and micronutrient intakes of the population were below the recommended daily allowances for Indians (60-70% of RDA). There was a deficit in the intake of calories, fibre, proteins, iron, calcium, carotene, folic acid, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin. Between the two groups, the pre-GDM women had a significantly better nutrient intake and this could be attributed to a greater exposure to nutrition counselling that they have received during the earlier part of their diabetes care.
The gestational period should be viewed as a window of opportunity to modify dietary patterns and introduce healthy lifestyle practices for the woman and her family.
糖尿病是孕期最常见的病症，全球患病率为16.9%。
确定糖尿病孕妇的营养摄入是否充足。
这是一项横断面研究，研究对象为85名符合糖尿病（妊娠期糖尿病和孕前糖尿病）诊断纳入标准且在一家三级护理教学医院门诊接受治疗的孕妇。收集了她们的人口统计学信息、临床特征（来自更新的病历）、人体测量指标（采用标准程序）、营养摄入情况和饮食模式（通过24小时回顾法、食物频率法及其饮食日记获得）。
该组孕妇的平均年龄为29.9 ± 4.5岁，54%处于妊娠中期，糖化血红蛋白平均水平为6.3 ± 1.4%。平均体重指数表明，其中47%属于1级肥胖。三分之一的人使用胰岛素。该人群的总体常量营养素和微量营养素摄入量低于印度人的推荐每日摄入量（推荐膳食摄入量的60 - 70%）。热量、纤维、蛋白质、铁、钙、胡萝卜素、叶酸、硫胺素、核黄素和烟酸的摄入量均有不足。在两组之间，孕前糖尿病妇女的营养摄入明显更好，这可能归因于她们在糖尿病治疗早期接受了更多的营养咨询。
妊娠期应被视为一个机会窗口，以便为孕妇及其家庭调整饮食模式并引入健康的生活方式。
