Lim Sun-Young, Yoo Hyun-Jung, Kim Ae-Lan, Oh Jeong-Ah, Kim Hun-Sung, Choi Yoon-Hee, Cho Jae-Hyoung, Lee Jin-Hee, Yoon Kun-Ho
The Catholic Institute of Ubiquitous Health Care, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea.
Clin Nutr Res. 2013 Jul;2(2):81-90. doi: 10.7762/cnr.2013.2.2.81. Epub 2013 Jul 23.
Adequate intake of nutrients by pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is very important for appropriate weight gain and maintenance of normoglycemia without ketonuria. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional intake of pregnant women with GDM or T2DM who had not been provided with nutritional education regarding blood glucose management. Between June 2008 and May 2010, 125 pregnant women who had been diagnosed with GDM or T2DM and had not received any nutrition education regarding glycemic control and proper diet during pregnancy were interviewed to collect data regarding background characteristics, health-related behaviors, and course of pregnancy and instructed to record their dietary intake using a 24-hour recall method for one day. Using the collected data, the index of nutritional quality, nutrient adequacy ratio, and mean adequacy ratio values of the subjects were calculated. Analysis of the values indicated that the majority of the subjects did not meet recommended intake levels for most micronutrients and consumed an undesirable ratio of macronutrients, specifically a higher percentage of total carbohydrates than the current recommendation level. The GDM and T2DM groups obtained 56.6% and 63.6%, respectively (p = 0.012), of their calories by carbohydrate intake, which exceeded the recommended levels (125.8% in GDM groups, 141.3% in T2DM groups).
被诊断为妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）或2型糖尿病（T2DM）的孕妇充分摄入营养对于适当的体重增加以及维持无酮尿的正常血糖水平非常重要。本研究的目的是调查未接受过血糖管理营养教育的GDM或T2DM孕妇的营养摄入情况。在2008年6月至2010年5月期间，对125名被诊断为GDM或T2DM且在孕期未接受过任何有关血糖控制和合理饮食营养教育的孕妇进行了访谈，以收集有关背景特征、健康相关行为及妊娠过程的数据，并指导她们采用24小时回顾法记录一天的饮食摄入量。利用收集到的数据，计算了受试者的营养质量指数、营养素充足率和平均充足率值。对这些值的分析表明，大多数受试者的大多数微量营养素摄入量未达到推荐水平，且宏量营养素摄入比例不理想，尤其是总碳水化合物的百分比高于当前推荐水平。GDM组和T2DM组分别通过碳水化合物摄入获得了56.6%和63.6%（p = 0.012）的热量，均超过了推荐水平（GDM组为125.8%，T2DM组为141.3%）。
