Springer Steven M, McFall Angela, Hager Polly, Percy-Laury Antoinette, Vinson Cynthia A
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, USA.
National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
Cancer Causes Control. 2018 Dec;29(12):1257-1263. doi: 10.1007/s10552-018-1080-6. Epub 2018 Sep 18.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States representing about 25% of all cancer deaths. The risk from smoking has increased over time with racial/ethnic minorities and disadvantaged populations having higher smoking rates and experiencing greater burden of lung cancer compared to other populations. Rural populations, in particular, experience higher rates of tobacco usage associated with increased incidence of lung cancer. National efforts to identify lung cancer in its early stage would greatly benefit high-risk populations, consequently reducing advanced cancers and potentially decreasing smoking rates. In 2013, lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography was recommended by the US Preventive Services Task Force for early detection of lung cancer. These guidelines were developed after the results of the National Lung Screening Trial. The National Lung Screening Trial study showed a 20% reduction in deaths of participants who were current or former heavy smokers who were screened with low-dose computed tomography versus those screened by chest X-ray. In response to this evidence and using state lung cancer burden data and local smoking rates as a guide, Michigan implemented a lung cancer screening awareness campaign in the rural northern, lower peninsula. Awareness of lung cancer screening was increased through the use of a variety of media including gas station/convenience store small media, digital media, radio broadcast media, and the use and marketing of a website that provided lung cancer screening information and resources.
肺癌是美国癌症死亡的主要原因，约占所有癌症死亡人数的25%。随着时间的推移，吸烟带来的风险不断增加，与其他人群相比，少数族裔和弱势群体的吸烟率更高，肺癌负担也更重。特别是农村人口，烟草使用率较高，肺癌发病率也随之上升。国家早期发现肺癌的努力将使高危人群大大受益，从而减少晚期癌症，并有可能降低吸烟率。2013年，美国预防服务工作组建议采用低剂量计算机断层扫描进行肺癌筛查，以早期发现肺癌。这些指南是在国家肺癌筛查试验结果公布后制定的。国家肺癌筛查试验研究表明，与接受胸部X光检查的现吸烟者或 former heavy smokers相比，接受低剂量计算机断层扫描筛查的参与者死亡人数减少了20%。基于这一证据，并以该州肺癌负担数据和当地吸烟率为指导，密歇根州在北部农村下半岛开展了一场肺癌筛查宣传活动。通过使用各种媒体，包括加油站/便利店小型媒体、数字媒体、广播媒体，以及利用和推广一个提供肺癌筛查信息和资源的网站，提高了人们对肺癌筛查的认识。
