Price R W
CRC Crit Rev Clin Neurobiol. 1986;2(1):61-123.
Critical to the adaptation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to its human host is a complex interaction with the peripheral nervous system. The "life cycle" of the virus depends not only on axoplasmic transport which carries virus to and from the infected ganglia, but also on variable expression of the virus within ganglionic neurons. During latency, limited viral gene expression allows the virus to persist undetected by immune defenses, while intermittent reactivation, perhaps triggered by metabolic perturbation of these neurons, leads to production of new virus with subsequent transmission. In parasitizing its host, the virus exploits a number of the specialized properties of neurons and supporting cells. A second important type of HSV-1 infection involves the central nervous system (CNS). Herpes encephalitis, an uncommon yet severe disease, represents an aberrant interaction of the virus and host that is at present poorly understood. This review examines current understanding of HSV-1 infections of both the peripheral and CNS from a neurobiological perspective.
单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）适应人类宿主的关键在于与外周神经系统的复杂相互作用。病毒的“生命周期”不仅取决于轴浆运输，轴浆运输将病毒运送至受感染的神经节并从神经节运出，还取决于神经节神经元内病毒的可变表达。在潜伏期，有限的病毒基因表达使病毒能够在免疫防御未察觉的情况下持续存在，而间歇性再激活（可能由这些神经元的代谢紊乱触发）会导致产生新病毒并随后传播。在寄生于宿主的过程中，病毒利用了神经元和支持细胞的许多特殊特性。HSV-1感染的第二种重要类型涉及中枢神经系统（CNS）。疱疹性脑炎是一种罕见但严重的疾病，代表了病毒与宿主之间异常的相互作用，目前对此了解甚少。本综述从神经生物学角度审视了目前对HSV-1外周和中枢神经系统感染的认识。
