Friesen Justin P, Laurin Kristin, Shepherd Steven, Gaucher Danielle, Kay Aaron C
University of Winnipeg, Canada.
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2018 Sep 19. doi: 10.1111/bjso.12278.
We review conceptual and empirical contributions to system justification theory over the last fifteen years, emphasizing the importance of an experimental approach and consideration of context. First, we review the indirect evidence of the system justification motive via complimentary stereotyping. Second, we describe injunctification as direct evidence of a tendency to view the extant status quo (the way things are) as the way things should be. Third, we elaborate on system justification's contextual nature and the circumstances, such as threat, dependence, inescapability, and system confidence, which are likely to elicit defensive bolstering of the status quo and motivated ignorance of critical social issues. Fourth, we describe how system justification theory can increase our understanding of both resistance to and acceptance of social change, as a change moves from proposed, to imminent, to established. Finally, we discuss how threatened systems shore up their authority by co-opting legitimacy from other sources, such as governments that draw on religious concepts, and the role of institutional-level factors in perpetuating the status quo.
我们回顾了过去十五年间对系统正当性理论的概念性和实证性贡献，强调了实验方法和情境考量的重要性。首先，我们通过互补性刻板印象来回顾系统正当性动机的间接证据。其次，我们将指令化描述为一种倾向的直接证据，即把现存的现状（事物的实际状态）视为事物应有的状态。第三，我们详细阐述系统正当性的情境本质以及一些情况，比如威胁、依赖、不可避免性和系统信心，这些情况可能引发对现状的防御性支持以及对关键社会问题的动机性忽视。第四，我们描述了系统正当性理论如何增进我们对社会变革从提议到即将发生再到确立过程中，对变革的抵制和接受的理解。最后，我们讨论受到威胁的系统如何通过从其他来源（如借鉴宗教概念的政府）获取合法性来巩固其权威，以及制度层面因素在维持现状方面的作用。
