Cheung Kin, Ho Sin Man Simone, Lam Winsome
School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Vaccine. 2017 Mar 13;35(11):1482-1487. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.001. Epub 2017 Feb 15.
Nursing students are at high risk of exposure to vaccine-preventable diseases such as seasonal influenza. However, due to the limited number of studies conducted in this area, the prevalence and factors affecting annual seasonal influenza vaccination (ASIV) uptake remain unclear. This was a large-scale cross-sectional survey study conducted among 902 nursing students in different years of study. The questionnaire was developed based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), and logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of ASIV uptake. The results of our study reveal that only 15.2% of nursing students declared having the vaccine in the previous year, and that ASIV uptake was self-reported. ASIV uptake was associated with perceived susceptibility (odds ratio=2.76), perceived seriousness (odds ratio=2.06) and perceived barriers (odds ratio=0.50). The odds of receiving ASIV were 17.96times higher for those participants having had ASIV at least once than those who had not received ASIV in the previous five years. In addition, the odds of receiving ASIV were 4.01times higher for master's than undergraduate students. Our study concludes that the ASIV uptake among nursing students is low. In order to increase vaccination uptake in subsequent years, future studies should promote vaccination based on HBM, focusing on nursing students in undergraduate studies by emphasizing not only vaccination knowledge, but also their social responsibility to protect patients. Influenza vaccination can be viewed as an ethical professional responsibility and a patient safety issue, as well as being an infection control strategy.
护理专业学生面临感染疫苗可预防疾病（如季节性流感）的高风险。然而，由于该领域开展的研究数量有限，年度季节性流感疫苗接种（ASIV）的普及率及影响因素仍不明确。这是一项针对902名不同年级护理专业学生开展的大规模横断面调查研究。问卷基于健康信念模型（HBM）编制，采用逻辑回归确定ASIV接种的预测因素。我们的研究结果显示，只有15.2%的护理专业学生宣称上一年接种了疫苗，且ASIV接种情况为自我报告。ASIV接种与感知易感性（优势比=2.76）、感知严重性（优势比=2.06）和感知障碍（优势比=0.50）相关。与过去五年未接种ASIV的参与者相比，至少接种过一次ASIV的参与者接种ASIV的几率高17.96倍。此外，硕士研究生接种ASIV的几率比本科学生高4.01倍。我们的研究得出结论，护理专业学生的ASIV接种率较低。为了提高后续年份的疫苗接种率，未来研究应基于HBM推广疫苗接种，重点关注本科护理专业学生，不仅要强调疫苗接种知识，还要强调他们保护患者的社会责任。流感疫苗接种可被视为一项道德的职业责任、一个患者安全问题，也是一种感染控制策略。
