Vera Cruz Germano, Mateus Aniceto, Dlamini Priscilla S
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Eduardo Mondlane University, Campus Universitário Principal, Av. Julius Nyerere, N°3453, CP257, Maputo, Mozambique.
Department of Public Health, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Tomas Ndula, N°977, Maputo, Mozambique.
BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2018 Sep 20;18(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s12914-018-0177-z.
In Mozambique, the widow is traditionally required to undergo a cleansing ritual called pita-kufa, which generally involves several sessions of unprotected sexual intercourse with the brother of her deceased husband. This ritual may play a role in the spread of HIV and reveals, to some degree, the subordinate position to which women are subjected in Mozambican society. Thus, this study's aim was to map Mozambicans' views on the acceptability of this ritual, given the gender and public health concerns linked to it.
A total of 359 Mozambicans participated in the study. The data collection instrument consisted of 18 vignettes describing realistic pita-kufa situations, varying as a function of three factors: a widow's willingness or not to perform the ritual, the perceived effectiveness of the ritual, and the risk level of HIV infection linked to the practice. For each pita-kufa situation presented in the vignettes, the participants were asked to rate its acceptability on an 11-point scale. In addition, the participants wrote comments giving their general views on the ritual. A cluster analysis using the K-means procedure was applied to the quantitative raw data to capture different perspectives, and the participants' written comments were subjected to thematic and frequency content analysis.
From the data gathered though the vignettes, three different perspectives were found: total unacceptability (55% of the participants), conditional acceptability (29% of the participants) and unconditional acceptability (16% of the participants). From the data gathered though the participants' written comments, it emerged that they thought that the practice of this ritual should evolve (61%), stop (27%) and be kept as it is (12%).
According to the main results, it seems that a large majority of study participants think that this ritual is outdated and needs to evolve in order to minimize the risk of HIV transmission and respect women's rights.
在莫桑比克，传统上要求寡妇进行一种名为“皮塔 - 库法”的净化仪式，该仪式通常包括与亡夫的兄弟进行几次无保护的性行为。这种仪式可能在艾滋病毒传播中起作用，并且在一定程度上揭示了莫桑比克社会中女性所处的从属地位。因此，鉴于与之相关的性别和公共卫生问题，本研究的目的是梳理莫桑比克人对这种仪式可接受性的看法。
共有359名莫桑比克人参与了该研究。数据收集工具包括18个描述现实中“皮塔 - 库法”情况的 vignette，这些情况因三个因素而有所不同：寡妇是否愿意进行该仪式、仪式的感知有效性以及与该行为相关的艾滋病毒感染风险水平。对于 vignette 中呈现的每种“皮塔 - 库法”情况，要求参与者在11分制量表上对其可接受性进行评分。此外，参与者写下评论，给出他们对该仪式的总体看法。使用K均值程序的聚类分析应用于定量原始数据以获取不同观点，参与者的书面评论则进行主题和频率内容分析。
从通过 vignette 收集的数据中，发现了三种不同的观点：完全不可接受（55%的参与者）、有条件接受（29%的参与者）和无条件接受（16%的参与者）。从通过参与者书面评论收集的数据中可以看出，他们认为这种仪式的做法应该演变（61%）、停止（27%）并保持不变（12%）。
根据主要结果，似乎绝大多数研究参与者认为这种仪式已经过时，需要演变以尽量减少艾滋病毒传播风险并尊重妇女权利。
