Epicentre, Paris, France.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013 Oct 17;7(10):e2465. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002465. eCollection 2013.
Despite World Health Organization (WHO) prequalification of two safe and effective oral cholera vaccines (OCV), concerns about the acceptability, potential diversion of resources, cost and feasibility of implementing timely campaigns has discouraged their use. In 2012, the Ministry of Health of Guinea, with the support of Médecins Sans Frontières organized the first mass vaccination campaign using a two-dose OCV (Shanchol) as an additional control measure to respond to the on-going nationwide epidemic. Overall, 316,250 vaccines were delivered. Here, we present the results of vaccination coverage, acceptability and surveillance of adverse events.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We performed a cross-sectional cluster survey and implemented adverse event surveillance. The study population included individuals older than 12 months, eligible for vaccination, and residing in the areas targeted for vaccination (Forécariah and Boffa, Guinea). Data sources were household interviews with verification by vaccination card and notifications of adverse events from surveillance at vaccination posts and health centres. In total 5,248 people were included in the survey, 3,993 in Boffa and 1,255 in Forécariah. Overall, 89.4% [95%CI:86.4-91.8%] and 87.7% [95%CI:84.2-90.6%] were vaccinated during the first round and 79.8% [95%CI:75.6-83.4%] and 82.9% [95%CI:76.6-87.7%] during the second round in Boffa and Forécariah respectively. The two dose vaccine coverage (including card and oral reporting) was 75.8% [95%CI: 71.2-75.9%] in Boffa and 75.9% [95%CI: 69.8-80.9%] in Forécariah respectively. Vaccination coverage was higher in children. The main reason for non-vaccination was absence. No severe adverse events were notified.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The well-accepted mass vaccination campaign reached high coverage in a remote area with a mobile population. Although OCV should not be foreseen as the long-term solution for global cholera control, they should be integrated as an additional tool into the response.
尽管世界卫生组织（WHO）已经批准了两种安全有效的口服霍乱疫苗（OCV），但人们对其可接受性、潜在的资源转移、成本和实施及时运动的可行性表示担忧，这阻碍了它们的使用。2012 年，几内亚卫生部在无国界医生组织的支持下，组织了首次大规模疫苗接种运动，使用两剂口服霍乱疫苗（Shanchol）作为应对全国性疫情的额外控制措施。总共交付了 316250 支疫苗。在此，我们介绍疫苗接种覆盖率、可接受性和不良反应监测的结果。
方法/主要发现：我们进行了一项横断面聚类调查，并实施了不良反应监测。研究人群包括年龄在 12 个月以上、有资格接种疫苗、居住在疫苗接种地区（几内亚的福雷卡里亚和博法）的个人。数据来源是家庭访谈，并通过疫苗接种卡和接种点及卫生中心的不良反应通知进行核实。共有 5248 人参加了调查，其中 3993 人在博法，1255 人在福雷卡里亚。第一轮接种中，总共有 89.4%（95%CI：86.4-91.8%）和 87.7%（95%CI：84.2-90.6%）接种了疫苗，第二轮分别为 79.8%（95%CI：75.6-83.4%）和 82.9%（95%CI：76.6-87.7%）。博法和福雷卡里亚两轮两剂疫苗覆盖率（包括卡片和口服报告）分别为 75.8%（95%CI：71.2-75.9%）和 75.9%（95%CI：69.8-80.9%）。接种率在儿童中较高。未接种疫苗的主要原因是缺席。没有报告严重不良反应。
结论/意义：这场在一个人口流动的偏远地区接受程度较高的大规模疫苗接种运动，实现了高覆盖率。尽管口服霍乱疫苗不应被视为全球霍乱控制的长期解决方案，但它们应该作为一种额外的工具纳入应对措施。
