Wenger D R, Leach J
Pediatr Clin North Am. 1986 Dec;33(6):1411-27. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36151-x.
Foot deformities may reflect a generalized disorder, especially a neurologic problem; thus, the child should have a brief general examination. Many infantile foot deformities, such as calcaneovalgus, are postural and self-correcting. Metatarsus varus is not referred for treatment until age 2 months and then only if the deformity is moderate or severe. Fixed forefoot equinus and heel varus characterize a clubfoot, which requires immediate treatment. Corrective shoes are not advised as the primary treatment for metatarsus varus or clubfoot but often are prescribed to maintain the corrected position after serial casts. Flexible flatfoot is a manifestation of a constitutional laxity affecting all ligaments and joints. The feet appear abnormal because of weight-bearing stresses. Most children with flatfoot achieve a partial correction spontaneously. Current research does not document that treatment with corrective shoes or inserts produces a result better than the partial correction that occurs naturally.
足部畸形可能反映全身性疾病，尤其是神经系统问题；因此，应对患儿进行简要的全身检查。许多婴儿足部畸形，如跟骨外翻，是姿势性的且可自行纠正。内翻足在2个月大之前一般不进行治疗，只有在畸形为中度或重度时才进行治疗。僵硬性前足马蹄足和足跟内翻是先天性马蹄内翻足的特征，需要立即治疗。不建议将矫正鞋作为内翻足或先天性马蹄内翻足的主要治疗方法，但在使用系列石膏后，常开具矫正鞋以维持矫正后的位置。柔韧性扁平足是影响所有韧带和关节的先天性松弛的一种表现。由于负重压力，足部看起来异常。大多数扁平足儿童会自发实现部分矫正。目前的研究并未证明使用矫正鞋或鞋垫进行治疗比自然发生的部分矫正效果更好。
