Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Department of Sociology, Columbia University, New York, New York.
J Adolesc Health. 2019 Jan;64(1):26-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.06.011. Epub 2018 Sep 20.
Nonconsensual sexual experiences on college campuses represent a serious public health problem. The preponderance of existing research on students' actual consent practices is quantitative, lab based, or focused on how single dimensions of social context shape consent practices. Filling those gaps and illustrating ethnography's potential to lay the groundwork for innovative prevention, this paper draws on research conducted with undergraduates on two interconnected campuses to examine multiple social dimensions of sexual consent practices.
Data include in-depth interviews with over 150 students, 16 months of participant observation, 17 focus groups, and key informant interviews. Research conducted for this study took place between September 2015 and January 2017 at Columbia University and Barnard College.
Although sexual consent is often approached as an individual or interpersonal practice, this research highlights potentially modifiable social dimensions of consent. These seven dimensions of sexual consent practices are as follows: (1) gendered heterosexual scripts; (2) sexual citizenship; (3) intersectionality; (4) men's fear of "doing" consent wrong; (5) "drunk sex"; (6) peer groups; and (7) spatial/temporal factors shaping when consent is assumed.
Effective promotion of consensual sex, as a strategy to prevent assault, will likely require understanding and modifying the social structures that shape consent practices, rather than just legislation that mandates the promotion of affirmative consent. We describe seven potential modifiable social contextual dimensions of consent practices, along with related strategies to promote consensual sex and prevent sexual assault.
大学校园内非自愿的性经历是一个严重的公共卫生问题。现有关于学生实际同意实践的研究大多是定量的、基于实验室的，或者侧重于社会背景的单一维度如何影响同意实践。为了填补这些空白，并展示民族志为创新预防奠定基础的潜力，本文利用在两所相互关联的大学校园内对本科生进行的研究，考察了性同意实践的多个社会维度。
数据包括对 150 多名学生的深入访谈、16 个月的参与观察、17 个焦点小组和关键知情人访谈。本研究的研究工作于 2015 年 9 月至 2017 年 1 月在哥伦比亚大学和巴纳德学院进行。
尽管性同意通常被视为个人或人际实践，但这项研究强调了同意的潜在可改变的社会维度。性同意实践的这七个维度如下：（1）性别化的异性恋脚本；（2）性公民身份；（3）交叉性；（4）男性担心“做错”同意；（5）“醉酒性行为”；（6）同龄人群体；以及（7）塑造何时假定同意的空间/时间因素。
作为预防攻击的一种策略，有效地促进自愿性行为可能需要理解和改变塑造同意实践的社会结构，而不仅仅是立法要求促进肯定同意。我们描述了同意实践的七个潜在可改变的社会背景维度，并提出了相关的促进自愿性行为和预防性攻击的策略。
