Jozkowski Kristen N, Peterson Zoë D, Sanders Stephanie A, Dennis Barbara, Reece Michael
a Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation , University of Arkansas.
J Sex Res. 2014;51(8):904-16. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2013.792326. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
Because sexual assault is often defined in terms of nonconsent, many prevention efforts focus on promoting the clear communication of consent as a mechanism to reduce assault. Yet little research has specifically examined how sexual consent is being conceptualized by heterosexual college students. In this study, 185 Midwestern U.S. college students provided responses to open-ended questions addressing how they define, communicate, and interpret sexual consent and nonconsent. The study aimed to assess how college students define and communicate consent, with particular attention to gender differences in consent. Results indicated no gender differences in defining consent. However, there were significant differences in how men and women indicated their own consent and nonconsent, with women reporting more verbal strategies than men and men reporting more nonverbal strategies than women, and in how they interpreted their partner's consent and nonconsent, with men relying more on nonverbal indicators of consent than women. Such gender differences may help to explain some misunderstandings or misinterpretations of consent or agreement to engage in sexual activity, which could partially contribute to the occurrence of acquaintance rape; thus, a better understanding of consent has important implications for developing sexual assault prevention initiatives.
由于性侵犯通常被定义为未经同意，许多预防工作都集中在促进明确表达同意，以此作为减少性侵犯的一种机制。然而，很少有研究专门考察异性恋大学生对性同意的概念化理解。在这项研究中，185名美国中西部大学生回答了开放式问题，这些问题涉及他们如何定义、表达和解释性同意与不同意。该研究旨在评估大学生如何定义和表达同意，尤其关注同意方面的性别差异。结果表明，在定义同意方面不存在性别差异。然而，在表明自己同意和不同意的方式上，男性和女性存在显著差异，女性报告的口头策略比男性多，男性报告的非语言策略比女性多；在解释伴侣的同意和不同意方面也存在差异，男性比女性更依赖同意的非语言指标。这种性别差异可能有助于解释在同意或同意进行性行为方面的一些误解或错误解读，这可能部分导致熟人强奸的发生；因此，更好地理解同意对于制定性侵犯预防举措具有重要意义。
