Bradley C M, Nicholson A N
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1986 Nov;22(5):507-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02928.x.
Effects of codeine (30, 60 and 90 mg) on visuo-motor coordination and dynamic visual acuity, together with critical flicker fusion, digit symbol substitution, complex reaction time and subjective assessments of mood, were studied from 0.75-2.0 h after ingestion by six healthy female adults. The study was double-blind and placebo controlled, and triprolidine (10 mg) was used as the active control. The effect on visuo-motor coordination was limited and was dose related and linear, and performance was altered on visuo-motor coordination with 60 and 90 mg codeine, and on dynamic visual acuity with 90 mg codeine (P less than 0.05). No other effect of codeine was detected. Modulated neuromuscular function is likely to be the common denominator of the changes in performance with codeine, though nausea, but not sedation, may be a contributory factor. It is possible that altered performance with codeine may involve interactions with different receptors than those which lead to sedation.
研究了6名健康成年女性在摄入可待因（30、60和90毫克）后0.75至2.0小时，其对视觉运动协调性、动态视敏度以及临界闪烁融合频率、数字符号替换、复杂反应时间和情绪主观评估的影响。该研究为双盲且安慰剂对照，以曲普利啶（10毫克）作为阳性对照。可待因对视觉运动协调性的影响有限，且呈剂量相关的线性关系，60毫克和90毫克可待因会改变视觉运动协调性，90毫克可待因会改变动态视敏度（P<0.05）。未检测到可待因的其他影响。尽管恶心（而非镇静）可能是一个促成因素，但神经肌肉功能调节可能是可待因导致性能变化的共同因素。可待因导致的性能改变可能涉及与导致镇静的受体不同的受体相互作用。
