Geremia Jeam Marcel, Baroni Bruno Manfredini, Lanferdini Fábio Juner, Bini Rodrigo Rico, Sonda Francesca Chaida, Vaz Marco Aurélio
Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Phys Ther Sport. 2018 Nov;34:84-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.09.003. Epub 2018 Sep 7.
To document the magnitude and the time course of neuromechanical and morphological adaptations in response to a triceps surae eccentric training program.
Twenty healthy male subjects completed a control period followed by a 12-week isokinetic eccentric training program. Triceps surae neuromechanical and morphological evaluations were performed every 4 weeks.
The training program led to increases in: eccentric (32%), isometric (13%) and concentric (20%) torques; eccentric (32%) and isometric (24%) electromyographic activity; and, muscle thickness (14%). Torque and muscle thickness increased until the 8th training week. Eccentric and isometric activation increased until the 4th training week. No change was found in concentric activation. The angles of peak torque in eccentric and concentric tests shifted towards longer muscle lengths. While eccentric and isometric strength gains are explained by increased neural activation and muscle mass, changes in concentric torque are not related to neural effects.
Eccentric training led to increases in maximum eccentric and isometric force production due to adaptations in muscle activation and muscle mass. Among the advantages of the shift in the optimal length for force production towards longer lengths, are the increased total joint range of motion and a lower predisposition for muscle strain injuries.
记录比目鱼肌进行离心训练计划后神经力学和形态学适应的程度及时间进程。
20名健康男性受试者先完成一个对照期，随后进行为期12周的等速离心训练计划。每4周对比目鱼肌进行神经力学和形态学评估。
训练计划使以下各项增加：离心（32%）、等长（13%）和向心（20%）扭矩；离心（32%）和等长（24%）肌电图活动；以及肌肉厚度（14%）。扭矩和肌肉厚度在第8周训练时持续增加。离心和等长激活在第4周训练时持续增加。向心激活未发现变化。离心和向心测试中峰值扭矩角度向更长肌肉长度偏移。虽然离心和等长力量增加可由神经激活增加和肌肉质量增加来解释，但向心扭矩变化与神经效应无关。
离心训练由于肌肉激活和肌肉质量的适应，导致最大离心和等长力量产生增加。力量产生的最佳长度向更长长度偏移的优势包括关节活动总范围增加以及肌肉拉伤的易感性降低。
