环状 RNA 作为癌症的生物标志物。

Circular RNAs as Biomarkers for Cancer.

机构信息

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

出版信息

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1087:171-187. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_14.

DOI:10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_14

PMID:30259366

Abstract

As a type of novel noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have attracted great interest due to its different characteristics from linear RNAs. They are abundantly and stably present in the transcriptome of eukaryotic cells, with development stage specificity and high conservatism. Because circRNAs are not easily degraded by exonuclease RNase R, they can exist more stably in body fluids than linear RNAs. Based on these unique conditions, circRNAs have great potential value as clinical diagnostic and prognostic markers. As the research deepens, more and more evidences suggest that circRNAs may be closely associated with many diseases, especially cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated the abnormal expression of circRNAs in cancer, and they can regulate the occurrence and progression of cancer by targeting key genes. Abundant circRNAs in tissues and cells can be released into saliva and blood. It is undeniable that circRNAs are a class of promising future biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Here we summarize the researches on circRNAs and cancer over the past few years. We expect this summary to be a stepping stone to further exploration of possible circRNAs as cancer biomarkers.

摘要

作为一类新型的非编码 RNA，环状 RNA（circRNA）因其与线性 RNA 的不同特征而引起了极大的兴趣。它们在真核细胞的转录组中丰富且稳定存在，具有发育阶段特异性和高度保守性。由于 circRNA 不易被外切酶 RNase R 降解，因此它们在体液中的存在比线性 RNA 更稳定。基于这些独特的条件，circRNA 作为临床诊断和预后标志物具有巨大的潜在价值。随着研究的深入，越来越多的证据表明 circRNA 可能与许多疾病，尤其是癌症密切相关。大量研究表明 circRNA 在癌症中表达异常，它们可以通过靶向关键基因来调节癌症的发生和发展。组织和细胞中丰富的 circRNA 可以释放到唾液和血液中。不可否认，circRNA 是一类有前途的癌症诊断和预后生物标志物。在这里，我们总结了近年来关于 circRNA 和癌症的研究。我们希望这份总结能成为进一步探索 circRNA 作为癌症生物标志物的可能的垫脚石。