Rouse B T, Horohov D W
Rev Infect Dis. 1986 Nov-Dec;8(6):850-73. doi: 10.1093/clinids/8.6.850.
Viruses may cause immunosuppression by a variety of mechanisms. This review delineates four categories. First, immunosuppression can result from the direct effects of viral replication on lymphocyte functions. Either all classes of lymphocytes can be affected, as occurs in measles, or the effect can be restricted to a cell subtype, as is the case with human T cell-lymphotropic virus type III. Second, the activity of soluble factors of viral or host origin released from infected cells can affect immunosuppression. A third mechanism results from viral infection of macrophages and affects the function of these cells in natural and acquired immunity. Finally, immunosuppression may result from viral triggering of an imbalance in immune regulation, which culminates in the overactivity of suppressor cells. A detailed knowledge of the mechanisms by which viruses are involved in immunosuppression may help in the design of strategies to reverse the effect.
病毒可通过多种机制导致免疫抑制。本综述阐述了四类机制。第一，免疫抑制可源于病毒复制对淋巴细胞功能的直接影响。要么所有淋巴细胞类别都会受到影响，如麻疹病毒感染时的情况，要么影响仅限于细胞亚型，如人类III型嗜T细胞病毒感染时的情况。第二，从受感染细胞释放的病毒或宿主来源的可溶性因子的活性可影响免疫抑制。第三种机制源于病毒对巨噬细胞的感染，并影响这些细胞在天然免疫和获得性免疫中的功能。最后，免疫抑制可能源于病毒引发的免疫调节失衡，最终导致抑制细胞过度活跃。详细了解病毒参与免疫抑制的机制可能有助于设计逆转这种影响的策略。
