Arthritis Research UK/MRC Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, Southampton, UK.
MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK.
Occup Med (Lond). 2018 Dec 26;68(9):572-579. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqy123.
Job demand-control (DC) and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) are two commonly used measures of work stress which are independently associated with health.
To test the hypothesis that DC and ERI have different and cumulative effects on health.
DC and ERI were assessed in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. The characteristics and occupations of men and women reporting either or both work stresses were compared and the interaction of these with health status were explored.
Complete data were available for 1021 men and 753 women, reporting on their most recent or current job. A total of 647 (63%) men and 444 (59%) women reported neither work stress, while 103 (10%) men and 78 (10%) women reported both. Patterns of ERI and DC, alone and in combination, were different by type of occupation and by gender. Men reporting both work stresses (as compared with neither) were more likely to be single. Reported ERI with DC in the most recent or current job was associated with: poorer SF-36 physical function scores (OR 2.3 [95% CI 1.5-3.7] for men; OR 2.0 [95% CI 1.2-3.6] for women) and mental health scores (OR 2.8 [95% CI 1.8-4.4] for men; OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.8-5.3] for women). Moreover, average grip strength was 1.7 kg (95% CI 0.2-3.3) lower among men who described both work stresses.
DC and ERI are two models of the psychosocial workplace environment which offer different but cumulative insight into the impacts of work on an individual's psychological and physical health, particularly in a population sample.
工作需求控制（DC）和努力-回报失衡（ERI）是两种常用的工作压力测量方法，它们与健康独立相关。
检验 DC 和 ERI 对健康有不同且累积影响的假设。
在赫特福德郡队列研究中评估 DC 和 ERI。比较报告一种或两种工作压力的男性和女性的特征和职业，并探讨这些因素与健康状况的相互作用。
共有 1021 名男性和 753 名女性报告了他们最近或当前的工作，他们提供了完整的数据。共有 647 名（63%）男性和 444 名（59%）女性报告没有工作压力，而 103 名（10%）男性和 78 名（10%）女性报告有两种工作压力。单独和组合的 ERI 和 DC 模式因职业类型和性别而异。报告两种工作压力（与没有压力相比）的男性更有可能单身。最近或当前工作中报告的 ERI 与 DC 与 SF-36 身体功能评分较差相关（男性 OR2.3[95%CI1.5-3.7]；女性 OR2.0[95%CI1.2-3.6]）和心理健康评分（男性 OR2.8[95%CI1.8-4.4]；女性 OR3.1[95%CI1.8-5.3]）。此外，报告两种工作压力的男性平均握力低 1.7 公斤（95%CI0.2-3.3）。
DC 和 ERI 是两种心理社会工作环境模型，它们提供了不同但累积的视角，了解工作对个人心理和身体健康的影响，特别是在人群样本中。
