Results of Octaplex for reversal of warfarin anticoagulation in patients with hip fracture.

BACKGROUND

Patients with hip fracture who present anticoagulated with warfarin often require reversal of anticoagulation for safe hip fracture surgery. Vitamin K is typically administered for this, but requires 24-48 hours for maximal effect. These patients have an increased delay to surgery and increased mortality. Octaplex is a prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) that reverses warfarin anticoagulation in less than an hour. This study assesses the effectiveness and safety of Octaplex for reversal of warfarin anticoagulation for hip fracture surgery.

METHODS

We reviewed the medical records of all patients with hip fracture in Calgary who received Octaplex between 2009 and 2015. Timing of admission, Octaplex administration and hip fracture surgery were recorded. Mortality and cardiac, thrombotic and orthopedic complications were assessed.

RESULTS

Median time from Octaplex administration to an international normalized ratio of 1.4 or lower was 1.1 hours. The median time from admission to surgery was 22 hours. Thirty-day mortality was 15.2%, with 4 cases of cardiac arrest and 1 respiratory arrest. Patients who received both Octaplex and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) had a lower rate of 30-day survival than those who received only Octaplex (95.7% v. 60.0%, = 0.002).

CONCLUSION

There were significant rates of cardiac events and 30-day mortality among patients who received Octaplex, but this is unsurprising in this population with multiple medical comorbidities. We caution against administrering both FFP and a PCC in patients for warfarin reversal. Octaplex is effective for rapidly reversing warfarin anticoagulation and reducing delays to hip fracture surgery. Further study comparing Octaplex to reversal using only vitamin K is required.