中国慢性病前瞻性研究中成年人的膳食钙摄入量和食物来源。
Dietary calcium intake and food sources among Chinese adults in CNTCS.
机构信息
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2018 Oct 1;13(10):e0205045. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205045. eCollection 2018.
BACKGROUND
Calcium is one of the essential micronutrients in the human body and is well-known for its important role in keeping bones and teeth healthy. However, calcium deficiency is a very common nutritional problem in the world and especially in China. The aim of this research was to determine the dietary calcium intake of Chinese adults and the corresponding food sources based on data from the 2015 China Nutritional Transition Cohort Study.
METHODS
We obtained dietary data from Chinese adults ages 18 to 64 years in 15 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities using 3 consecutive days combined with the household weighing method. We used the China Food Composition (book 1, 2nd edition) to calculate the calcium intake from each food category. We regarded the percentage of participants with a calcium intake median below the estimated average requirement as the level of calcium inadequacy in the overall population.
RESULTS
We divided the participants into 2 age groups, 18-49 years and 50-64 years, which included 6,630 and 5,307 participants, respectively. The groups' dietary calcium intake medians were 324.8 milligrams per day (mg/d) and 332.7 mg/d, respectively, and the calcium inadequacies were 92.9% and 96.0%, correspondingly. The median calcium intake for the whole study population was 328.3 mg/d, and the inadequacy was 94.3%, which improved with higher education, income, and urbanization levels. The main food sources of dietary calcium among the study population were vegetables, legumes, and cereals, which contributed 30.2%, 16.7%, and 14.6%, respectively. Milk and dairy products contributed 6.7% to the study population but varied with the urbanization level to 15.0%, 6.1%, 6.3%, and 2.0% in urban, suburban, county, and rural areas, respectively.
CONCLUSION
These findings highlight the importance of nutrition education and intervention for Chinese adults to improve their dietary structures and increase milk and dairy products intake to consume adequate calcium.
背景
钙是人体必需的微量元素之一，其在保持骨骼和牙齿健康方面的重要作用众所周知。然而，钙缺乏是全世界，尤其是中国非常普遍的营养问题。本研究旨在根据 2015 年中国营养转型队列研究的数据，确定中国成年人的膳食钙摄入量和相应的食物来源。
方法
我们从中国 15 个省、自治区和直辖市 18-64 岁成年人中获得了 3 天连续饮食数据，采用家庭称重法。我们使用中国食物成分表（第一册，第二版）计算了每个食物类别的钙摄入量。我们将钙摄入量中位数低于估计平均需求量的参与者比例作为总人口中钙不足的水平。
结果
我们将参与者分为 18-49 岁和 50-64 岁两个年龄组，分别包括 6630 名和 5307 名参与者。两组的膳食钙摄入量中位数分别为 324.8 毫克/天（mg/d）和 332.7 mg/d，钙不足率分别为 92.9%和 96.0%。整个研究人群的钙摄入量中位数为 328.3 mg/d，不足率为 94.3%，随着教育程度、收入和城市化水平的提高而改善。研究人群膳食钙的主要食物来源是蔬菜、豆类和谷物，分别占 30.2%、16.7%和 14.6%。牛奶和奶制品对研究人群的贡献率为 6.7%，但随着城市化水平的变化而变化，在城市、郊区、县和农村地区分别为 15.0%、6.1%、6.3%和 2.0%。
结论
这些发现强调了对中国成年人进行营养教育和干预的重要性，以改善他们的饮食结构，增加牛奶和奶制品的摄入，从而摄入足够的钙。
Zotero 插件