Progress in Optimization of Mediated Transformation in Sorghum ().

This review archives the achievements made in the last two decades and presents a brief outline of some significant factors influencing the -mediated transformation of . Recently, progress in successful transformation has been made for this particular monocot crop through direct DNA delivery method and indirect method via However, lower transformation rate still proved to be a bottleneck in genetic modification of sorghum. An efficient transformation system could be attained by optimizing the preliminary assays, comprising of explant source, growth media, antibiotics, strains and agro-infection response of callus. The selection of competent strains for genetic transformation is also one of the key factors of consideration. Successful transformation is highly dependent on genome configuration of selected cultivar, where non-tannin genotype proved the best suited. Immature embryos from the field source have higher inherent adaptation chances than that of the greenhouse source. A higher concentration of may damage the explant source. Utilization of anti-necrotic treatments and optimized tissue culture timeframe are the adequate strategies to lower down the effect of phenolic compounds. Appropriate selection of culture media vessels at different stages of tissue culture may also assist in a constructive manner. In conclusion, some aspects such as culture environment with medium composition, explant sources, and genotypes play an indispensable role in successful -mediated sorghum transformation system.