Russian Academy of Sciences, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.
Russian Academy of Sciences, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.
Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2018 Dec;1862(12):2924-2939. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.09.013. Epub 2018 Sep 20.
Intracellular pH underlies most cellular processes. There is emerging evidence of a pH-signaling role in plant cells and microorganisms. Dysregulation of pH is associated with human diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
In this review, we attempt to provide a summary of the progress that has been made in the field during the past two decades. First, we present an overview of the current state of the design and applications of fluorescent protein (FP)-based pH indicators. Then, we turn our attention to the development and applications of hybrid pH sensors that combine the capabilities of non-GFP fluorophores with the advantages of genetically encoded tags. Finally, we discuss recent advances in multicolor pH imaging and the applications of genetically encoded pH sensors in multiparameter imaging.
Genetically encoded pH sensors have proven to be indispensable noninvasive tools for selective targeting to different cellular locations. Although a variety of genetically encoded pH sensors have been designed and applied at the single cell level, there is still much room for improvements and future developments of novel powerful tools for pH imaging. Among the most pressing challenges in this area is the design of brighter redshifted sensors for tissue research and whole animal experiments.
The design of precise pH measuring instruments is one of the important goals in cell biochemistry and may give rise to the development of new powerful diagnostic tools for various diseases.
细胞内 pH 值是大多数细胞过程的基础。越来越多的证据表明 pH 值信号在植物细胞和微生物中发挥作用。pH 值的失调与人类疾病有关，如癌症和阿尔茨海默病。
在这篇综述中，我们试图提供过去二十年来该领域取得的进展的概述。首先，我们介绍了基于荧光蛋白 (FP) 的 pH 指示剂的设计和应用的现状。然后，我们将注意力转向了杂交 pH 传感器的开发和应用，这些传感器将非 GFP 荧光团的功能与基因编码标签的优势相结合。最后，我们讨论了多色 pH 成像的最新进展以及基因编码 pH 传感器在多参数成像中的应用。
基因编码 pH 传感器已被证明是针对不同细胞位置进行选择性靶向的不可或缺的非侵入性工具。尽管已经设计和应用了多种基因编码 pH 传感器来进行单细胞水平的研究，但在开发新型强大的 pH 成像工具方面仍有很大的改进和发展空间。在该领域最紧迫的挑战之一是设计用于组织研究和整个动物实验的更亮的红移传感器。
精确 pH 测量仪器的设计是细胞生物化学的重要目标之一，可能会为各种疾病的发展带来新的强大诊断工具。
