Fasold Frowin, Redlich Dennis
Institute of Exercise Training and Sports Informatics, Department Cognitive and Team/Racket Sport Research, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
J Hum Kinet. 2018 Sep 24;63:53-59. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0006. eCollection 2018 Aug 31.
Attacking phases in team handball are highly dynamic, characterized by fast movements and a high frequency of fast passes with the aim to score a goal. Consequently, the opposing/defending team tries to prevent successful offensive actions by restraining the offensive opportunities and the probabilities of scoring a goal. According to the rules, defensive players are allowed to use body contact (e.g. with bent arms) to get in and keep their optimal defending position. If such a contact is not in line with the rules (e.g. clutching or pushing) and results in a turnover of ball possession, a foul is called and a free-throw awarded. However, there is a lack of research answering the question if a permitted foul (without personal sanction) is an effective way to increase the probability of defending the own goal successfully, because afterwards the attacking team keeps possession of the ball. Thus, we investigated 1052 attacking phases during games at the elite level to verify whether fouls committed by a defender influenced successful attacking (goal vs. no goal). It was found that when the attack was interrupted by a permitted foul, 50.60% of the attacks ended with a goal. Yet, when no foul was committed, only 47.09% of the attacks ended with a goal, however, the analysis revealed that this difference was not significant. Therefore, we concluded that neither a strategy of stopping offensive actions by body contact nor avoiding fouls and focusing only on intercepting the ball were favourable solutions in successful defending in team handball. It seems effective to implement a defence strategy with clearly defined fouling zones and situations, to deal with the tactical possibility of permitted fouls in handball. This idea and further considerations are discussed for sports practice.
团队手球的进攻阶段极具动态性，其特点是动作迅速且快速传球频率高，目的是进球得分。因此，对方/防守方试图通过限制进攻机会和进球概率来阻止成功的进攻行动。根据规则，防守球员可以使用身体接触（如弯曲手臂）来进入并保持最佳防守位置。如果这种接触不符合规则（如抓握或推搡）并导致球权转换，则判罚犯规并判给罚球。然而，对于允许的犯规（无个人处罚）是否是成功防守己方球门概率增加的有效方式这一问题，缺乏相关研究，因为之后进攻方仍保持球权。因此，我们调查了精英水平比赛中的1052个进攻阶段，以验证防守球员的犯规是否会影响进攻的成功（进球与否）。结果发现，当进攻被允许的犯规中断时，50.60%的进攻以进球结束。然而，当没有犯规发生时，只有47.09%的进攻以进球结束，不过，分析表明这种差异并不显著。因此，我们得出结论，在团队手球的成功防守中，通过身体接触阻止进攻行动的策略以及避免犯规而只专注于截球的策略都不是有利的解决方案。实施一种具有明确犯规区域和情况的防守策略，以应对手球中允许犯规的战术可能性，似乎是有效的。本文针对体育实践对这一观点及进一步的思考进行了讨论。
