Khayyat Latifa I, Essawy Amina E, Sorour Jehan M, Soffar Ahmed
Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
PeerJ. 2018 Sep 28;6:e5689. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5689. eCollection 2018.
Studies on the adverse health effects caused by azo dyes are insufficient and quite contradictory. This work aims to investigate the possible toxic effect of two types of widely used food additives, Sunset Yellow and Allura Red, by assessing the physiological, histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the liver and kidney. Also, we investigated the genotoxic effect of both dyes on white blood cells. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups of 10 animals each: control (received water), Sunset Yellow-treated (2.5 mg/kg body weight) and Allura Red-treated (seven mg/kg body weight). The doses were orally applied for 4 weeks. Our results indicated an increase in the biochemical markers of hepatic and renal function (Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, uric acid and creatinine) in animals administered with the azo dyes. We also observed a noticeable increase in MDA and a marked decrease in total antioxidant levels in azo dye-treated animals compared to controls. Conversely, both dyes adversely affected the liver and kidney of albino rats and altered their histological and fine structure, with downregulation of Bcl2 and upregulation of COX2 expression. Our comet assay results showed a significant elevation in the fold change of tail moment in response to application of Sunset Yellow but not Allura Red. Collectively, we show that Sunset Yellow and Allura Red cause histopathological and physiological aberrations in the liver and kidney of male Wistar albino rats. Moreover, Sunset Yellow but not Allura Red induces a potential genotoxic effect.
关于偶氮染料对健康的不良影响的研究并不充分，且存在很大矛盾。这项工作旨在通过评估肝脏和肾脏的生理、组织病理学和超微结构变化，研究两种广泛使用的食品添加剂日落黄和诱惑红可能的毒性作用。此外，我们还研究了这两种染料对白细胞的遗传毒性作用。将30只成年雄性白化大鼠分为三组，每组10只：对照组（饮用清水）、日落黄处理组（2.5毫克/千克体重）和诱惑红处理组（7毫克/千克体重）。这些剂量经口服给予4周。我们的结果表明，给予偶氮染料的动物肝脏和肾脏功能的生化标志物（天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、尿素、尿酸和肌酐）有所增加。与对照组相比，我们还观察到偶氮染料处理的动物中丙二醛显著增加，总抗氧化水平显著降低。相反，两种染料均对白化大鼠的肝脏和肾脏产生不利影响，改变了它们的组织学和精细结构，同时Bcl2表达下调，COX2表达上调。我们的彗星试验结果表明，应用日落黄后尾矩的倍数变化显著升高，而诱惑红则没有。总体而言，我们表明日落黄和诱惑红会导致雄性Wistar白化大鼠肝脏和肾脏出现组织病理学和生理异常。此外，日落黄而非诱惑红会诱导潜在的遗传毒性作用。
