Hao G, Pollock N K, Harris R A, Gutin B, Su S, Wang X
Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Pediatr Obes. 2019 Mar;14(3):e12471. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12471. Epub 2018 Sep 17.
Investigations in older individuals suggest that adequate nutrition and physical activity are particularly important to skeletal muscle health; however, data in adolescents are scant and equivocal. The objective was to determine the associations among diet, physical activity and skeletal muscle mass in adolescents.
We assessed diet with four to seven 24-h recalls and physical activity by accelerometry in 640 adolescents. Using total body measures of fat-free soft tissue mass and fat mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, the skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) was derived by adjusting fat-free soft tissue mass for fat mass in addition to height.
Skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) was negatively associated with consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (standardized beta coefficient [β] = -0.10, P = 0.001) and saturated fats (β = -0.28, P < 0.001). SMMI was positively associated with physical activity (moderate + vigorous) (β = 0.20, P < 0.001). In further analysis, we observed a significant interaction between physical activity and sugar-sweetened beverage intake on SMMI (P = 0.002).
Our study in adolescence suggests that physical activity and consumption of both sugar-sweetened beverages and saturated fats are associated with skeletal muscle mass. More importantly, our findings suggest that sugar-sweetened beverage intake may attenuate the beneficial effects of physical activity on skeletal muscle mass.
针对老年人的研究表明，充足的营养和体育活动对骨骼肌健康尤为重要；然而，青少年方面的数据却很少且不明确。本研究的目的是确定青少年的饮食、体育活动与骨骼肌质量之间的关联。
我们通过对640名青少年进行4至7次24小时饮食回顾来评估其饮食情况，并通过加速度计来评估体育活动。利用双能X线吸收法测量全身无脂肪软组织质量和脂肪质量，通过对无脂肪软组织质量进行脂肪质量及身高校正得出骨骼肌质量指数（SMMI）。
骨骼肌质量指数（SMMI）与含糖饮料的摄入量呈负相关（标准化β系数[β]= -0.10，P = 0.001），与饱和脂肪的摄入量也呈负相关（β = -0.28，P < 0.001）。SMMI与体育活动（中度+剧烈）呈正相关（β = 0.20，P < 0.001）。在进一步分析中，我们观察到体育活动与含糖饮料摄入量之间对SMMI存在显著交互作用（P = 0.002）。
我们在青少年中的研究表明，体育活动以及含糖饮料和饱和脂肪的摄入均与骨骼肌质量有关。更重要的是，我们的研究结果表明，摄入含糖饮料可能会减弱体育活动对骨骼肌质量的有益影响。
