Unidad de cuidados intensivos, Hospital Universitario y politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
Nursing Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
BMC Public Health. 2018 Oct 4;18(1):1157. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6070-9.
Oral anticoagulants (OAC) are widely used in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, for optimal OAC self-care patients must have skills, among which health literacy (HL) is highlighted. We aimed to describe the relation between HL and self-care in cardiovascular patients on OAC treatment.
Electronic searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SciELO, IME-Biomedicina, CUIDEN Plus and LILACS databases, limited to Spanish and English language and between January 2000-December 2016. Papers reported on adults older than 18 years, taking OAC by themselves for at least three months. PRISMA guidelines were used for paper selection.
We identified 142 articles and finally included 10; almost all of them about warfarin. Our results suggest that in patients taking OAC treatments there is a positive relationship between HL and the level of knowledge. In addition, a small percentage of participants on the selected papers recognized the side effects and complications associated with OAC treatment. Lower HL level was associated with greater knowledge deficits and less adherence to treatment.
There is a paucity of research evaluating the effect of HL on diverse aspects of OAC treatments. There is a need to expand the evidence base regarding appropriate HL screening tools, determinants of adequate knowledge and optimal behaviours related to OAC self-management.
口服抗凝剂（OAC）在心血管疾病患者中广泛使用。然而，为了实现 OAC 自我护理的最佳效果，患者必须具备相关技能，其中健康素养（HL）尤为重要。我们旨在描述心血管疾病患者服用 OAC 治疗时 HL 与自我护理之间的关系。
在 PubMed、Scopus、Embase、CINAHL、Web of Science、Cochrane 图书馆、SciELO、IME-Biomedicina、CUIDEN Plus 和 LILACS 数据库中进行电子检索，检索语种限于西班牙语和英语，检索时间限定为 2000 年 1 月至 2016 年 12 月。纳入的研究对象为年龄大于 18 岁、独自服用 OAC 至少 3 个月的成年人。采用 PRISMA 指南进行论文筛选。
我们共检索到 142 篇文章，最终纳入 10 篇，几乎都是关于华法林的。我们的研究结果表明，在服用 OAC 治疗的患者中，HL 与知识水平之间存在正相关关系。此外，在纳入研究的小部分参与者中，他们能够识别与 OAC 治疗相关的副作用和并发症。HL 水平较低与知识缺陷较大以及治疗依从性较差相关。
目前评估 HL 对 OAC 治疗多个方面影响的研究较少。需要进一步扩大有关 HL 筛查工具、充分知识的决定因素以及与 OAC 自我管理相关的最佳行为的证据基础。
