Allergy Partners of Raleigh, 10880 Durant Rd, Ste 200, Raleigh, NC, 27614, USA.
State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2019 Feb;56(1):99-109. doi: 10.1007/s12016-018-8713-0.
Contact dermatitis accounts for 95% of occupational skin disorders. Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is often caused by cumulative exposure to weak irritants, accounting for 80% of all cases of contact dermatitis. ICD can co-exist with atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Patients with AD and ACD may have a lower inflammatory threshold for developing ICD. Therefore, it needs to be distinguished from lesions of AD and ACD. ICD Patients report stinging and burning in excess of pruritus. Pruritus is classically reported by patients with AD and ACD. ICD lesions are typically well-demarcated unlike AD and ACD. ICD is diagnosed by exclusion. Patients undergo testing to rule out type I and type IV hypersensitivity. Negative results suggest a diagnosis of ICD. Management consists of irritant identification and avoidance with regular emollient use. Although ICD is more common in certain occupations, genetics and environment play significant roles in its development.
接触性皮炎占职业性皮肤病的 95%。刺激性接触性皮炎 (ICD) 通常由弱刺激物的累积暴露引起,占所有接触性皮炎病例的 80%。ICD 可与特应性皮炎 (AD) 和过敏性接触性皮炎 (ACD) 共存。AD 和 ACD 患者的 ICD 发展炎症阈值可能较低。因此,需要将其与 AD 和 ACD 的病变区分开来。ICD 患者报告刺痛和烧灼感超过瘙痒。瘙痒是 AD 和 ACD 患者的典型报告。ICD 病变通常与 AD 和 ACD 不同,边界分明。ICD 通过排除法诊断。患者接受检查以排除 I 型和 IV 型超敏反应。阴性结果提示 ICD 诊断。管理包括识别和避免刺激物,并定期使用保湿剂。尽管 ICD 在某些职业中更为常见,但遗传和环境在其发展中起着重要作用。