School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
Curr Med Chem. 2020;27(13):2189-2219. doi: 10.2174/0929867325666181008142831.
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA with 20-100 nucleotides in length that can specifically bind to target molecules via formed three-dimensional structures. These innovative targeting molecules have attracted an increasing interest in the biomedical field. Compared to traditional protein antibodies, aptamers have several advantages, such as small size, high binding affinity, specificity, good biocompatibility, high stability and low immunogenicity, which all contribute to their wide application in the biomedical field. Aptamers can bind to the receptors on the cell membrane and mediate themselves or conjugated nanoparticles to enter into cells. Therefore, aptamers can be served as ideal targeting ligands for drug delivery. Since their excellent properties, different aptamer-mediated drug delivery systems had been developed for cancer therapy. This review provides a brief overview of recent advances in drug delivery systems based on aptamers. The advantages, challenges and future prospectives are also discussed.
适配体是一种长度为 20-100 个核苷酸的单链 DNA 或 RNA，通过形成三维结构特异性结合靶分子。这些创新的靶向分子在生物医学领域引起了越来越多的关注。与传统的蛋白质抗体相比，适配体具有体积小、结合亲和力高、特异性好、生物相容性好、稳定性高、免疫原性低等优点，这使其在生物医学领域得到了广泛的应用。适配体可以与细胞膜上的受体结合，并介导自身或连接的纳米颗粒进入细胞。因此，适配体可以作为药物递送的理想靶向配体。由于其优异的性能，已经开发出不同的适配体介导的药物递送系统用于癌症治疗。本文简要综述了基于适配体的药物递送系统的最新进展。还讨论了它们的优点、挑战和未来前景。
