Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2018 Oct 8;13(10):e0199411. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199411. eCollection 2018.
Vitamin D functions as a potent immunomodulator by interacting with many immune cells however, its role in regulating inflammation in the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is unclear. In the EAT of atherosclerotic microswine that were fed with deficient, sufficient or supplemented levels of vitamin D, we evaluated the phenotype of the macrophages. Vitamin D treatment was continued for 12 months and serum 25(OH)D levels were measured regularly. Infiltration of M1/M2 macrophage was investigated by immunostaining for CCR7 and CD206, respectively in conjunction with a pan macrophage marker CD14. Significant difference in the number of CCR7+ cells was observed in the EAT from vitamin D-deficient swine compared to vitamin D-sufficient or -supplemented swine. Expression of CD206 correlated with high levels of serum 25(OH)D indicating a significant increase in M2 macrophages in the EAT of vitamin D-supplemented compared to -deficient swine. These findings suggest that vitamin D-deficiency exacerbates inflammation by increasing pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, while vitamin D-supplementation attenuates the inflammatory cytokines and promotes M2 macrophages in EAT. This study demonstrates the significance of vitamin D mediated inhibition of macrophage mediated inflammation in the EAT during coronary intervention in addition to its immunomodulatory role. However, additional studies are required to identify the cellular mechanisms that transduce signals between macrophages and smooth muscle cells during restenosis in the presence and absence of vitamin D.
维生素 D 通过与许多免疫细胞相互作用，起到有效的免疫调节剂的作用，但它在调节心外膜脂肪组织 (EAT) 中的炎症的作用尚不清楚。在接受维生素 D 缺乏、充足或补充水平喂养的动脉粥样硬化微型猪的 EAT 中，我们评估了巨噬细胞的表型。维生素 D 治疗持续 12 个月，定期测量血清 25(OH)D 水平。通过免疫染色分别检测 CCR7 和 CD206，结合 pan 巨噬细胞标记物 CD14 来研究 M1/M2 巨噬细胞的浸润。与维生素 D 充足或补充的猪相比，维生素 D 缺乏的猪的 EAT 中 CCR7+细胞数量存在显著差异。CD206 的表达与高水平的血清 25(OH)D 相关，表明与维生素 D 缺乏的猪相比，维生素 D 补充的猪的 EAT 中 M2 巨噬细胞显著增加。这些发现表明，维生素 D 缺乏通过增加促炎 M1 巨噬细胞来加剧炎症，而维生素 D 补充则减弱炎症细胞因子并促进 EAT 中的 M2 巨噬细胞。这项研究表明，除了其免疫调节作用外，维生素 D 介导的抑制巨噬细胞介导的炎症在心外膜脂肪组织在冠状动脉介入治疗中的重要性。然而，需要进一步的研究来确定在存在和不存在维生素 D 的情况下，信号在巨噬细胞和平滑肌细胞之间传递的细胞机制。
