Liu Bo-Xun, Sun Wei, Kong Xiang-Qing
1 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Angiology. 2019 Aug;70(7):584-593. doi: 10.1177/0003319718799967. Epub 2018 Oct 9.
Although visceral obesity is recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the efficacy of omental fat removal in CVD treatment is still controversial. There is a need to identify other visceral fat depots for CVD management. This review aims to provide a summary on perirenal fat as an important risk factor for CVD. Studies on epidemiology, anatomy, and function of perirenal fat were reviewed. Observational studies in humans suggest that excessive perirenal fat increases the risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease. Anatomy studies prove that perirenal fat is unique compared to other connective tissues in that it is well vascularized, innervated, and drains into the lymphatic system. Other special morphological features include a complete fascia border, sympathetic-independent development of architecture, and proximity to the kidneys. Based on these anatomical features, perirenal fat regulates the cardiovascular system presumably via neural reflex, adipokine secretion, and fat-kidney interaction. These new insights suggest that perirenal fat may constitute a promising target for CVD management.
尽管内脏肥胖被认为是心血管疾病（CVDs）的一个危险因素，但网膜脂肪切除在CVD治疗中的疗效仍存在争议。有必要确定其他用于CVD管理的内脏脂肪储存部位。本综述旨在总结肾周脂肪作为CVD的一个重要危险因素的相关情况。对肾周脂肪的流行病学、解剖学和功能研究进行了综述。人体观察性研究表明，过多的肾周脂肪会增加患高血压和冠心病的风险。解剖学研究证明，肾周脂肪与其他结缔组织相比具有独特性，因为它血管丰富、有神经支配且引流至淋巴系统。其他特殊形态学特征包括完整的筋膜边界、结构的交感神经非依赖性发育以及与肾脏的接近程度。基于这些解剖学特征，肾周脂肪可能通过神经反射、脂肪因子分泌和脂肪 - 肾脏相互作用来调节心血管系统。这些新见解表明，肾周脂肪可能构成CVD管理的一个有前景的靶点。
