Candido Fernando José, Souza Rodrigo, Stumpf Matheo Augusto, Fernandes Luiz Gustavo, Veiga Rafael, Santin Matheus, Kluthcovsky Ana
4Th-year Medical Students fo the State University of Ponta Grossa (PR), Brazil.
Master in Science and Technology Teaching; Associate Professor of the Medical Program of the State University of Ponta Grossa (PR), Brazil.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2018 May;64(5):462-468. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.05.462.
The consumption and abuse of alcohol and other drugs are increasingly present in the lives of university students and may already be considered a public health problem because of the direct impacts on the physical and mental health of these individuals. The requirements of the medical program play a vital role in the increasing rate of drug users.
To carry out a systematic review of the literature on the use of drugs, licit or not, in Brazilian medical students.
A descriptive-exploratory study, in which the SciELO and MEDLINE databases were used. A total of 99 articles were found, of which 16 were selected for this review.
Alcohol and tobacco were the most frequently used licit drugs among medical students. The most consumed illicit drugs were marijuana, solvents, "lança-perfume" (ether spray), and anxiolytics. The male genre presented a tendency of consuming more significant amounts of all kinds of drugs, with the exception of tranquilizers. It was found an increasing prevalence of drug consumption in medical students, as the program progressed, which may result from the intrinsic stress from medical school activities. Students who do not use psychoactive drugs are more likely to live with their parents, to disapprove drugs consumption, to practice religious beliefs and to be employed.
The prevalence of licit and illicit drug use among medical students is high, even though they understand the injuries it may cause.
酒精和其他药物的消费与滥用在大学生的生活中越来越常见，由于其对这些个体身心健康的直接影响，这可能已被视为一个公共卫生问题。医学课程的要求在吸毒者数量增加方面起着至关重要的作用。
对巴西医学生使用合法或非法药物的文献进行系统综述。
一项描述性探索性研究，使用了SciELO和MEDLINE数据库。共找到99篇文章，其中16篇被选入本综述。
酒精和烟草是医学生中最常使用的合法药物。消费最多的非法药物是大麻、溶剂、“香水喷雾”（乙醚喷雾）和抗焦虑药。除了镇静剂外，男性在各类药物的消费上有消费更多的倾向。随着课程的推进，发现医学生吸毒的患病率在上升，这可能是医学院活动带来的内在压力导致的。不使用精神活性药物的学生更有可能与父母同住、不赞成吸毒、践行宗教信仰并就业。
尽管医学生明白药物可能造成的伤害，但他们中合法和非法药物使用的患病率仍然很高。
