Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
J Biochem. 2019 Feb 1;165(2):109-114. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvy080.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle, including secretory protein biogenesis, lipid synthesis, drug metabolism, Ca2+ signalling and so on. Since the ER is a single continuous membrane structure, it includes distinct zones responsible for its different functions. The export of newly synthesized proteins from the ER is facilitated via coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles, which form in specialized zones within the ER, called the ER exit sites (ERES) or transitional ER. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the structural organization of ERES, the correlation between the ERES and Golgi organization, and the faithful cargo transport mechanism from the ERES to the Golgi.
内质网（ER）是一种多功能细胞器，包括分泌蛋白的生物发生、脂质合成、药物代谢、Ca2+信号等。由于 ER 是一个连续的单一膜结构，它包括不同的区域，负责其不同的功能。新合成的蛋白质从 ER 的输出是通过衣被蛋白复合物 II（COPII）-包被囊泡来促进的，这些囊泡形成于 ER 中的特定区域，称为内质网出口位点（ERES）或过渡内质网。在这篇综述中，我们强调了对 ERES 的结构组织、ERES 与高尔基体组织之间的相关性以及从 ERES 到高尔基体的货物运输机制的理解的最新进展。
