Gontarev Seryozha, Kalac Ruzdija, Velickovska Lence, Stojmanovska Daniela, Misovski Andrijana, Milenkovski Josko
Assist. Professor of Faculty of Physical Education, Sport, and Health, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia.
Nutr Hosp. 2018 Oct 8;35(5):1208-1214. doi: 10.20960/nh.1794.
the objective of this study is to compare the growth and health-related physical fitness of normal, overweight/obese and stunted Macedonian children aged 6-14 years.
this cross-sectional study included 9,241 children of Macedonian nationality, from 19 primary schools from the central and east part of the Republic, out of which eight are in a rural setting and eleven are in urban environment. In order to carry out the objectives of the research, four anthropometric measurements, two derived anthropometric measurements, two measurements for assessing body composition and seven fitness tests were applied. Normal-not stunted, not owt/ob; stunted-not owt/ob; and owt/ob-not stunted were compared with multivariate analysis of covariance controlling for socioeconomic status, residence status (urban or rural), sex, age and age squared.
statistically significant differences were found in all anthropometric measurements, and measurements for assessing body composition among the groups of subjects classified as normal, stunted and overweight/obese (p < 0.000). Children who belong to the normal weight group achieve better results in all fitness tests (p < 0.001), except for the handgrip and bent arm hang tests. Overweight/obese children achieve better results in the handgrip fitness test compared to normal and stunted children. Stunted children achieve better results in the bent arm hang fitness test compared to normal and overweight/obese children. Intergroup differences were found in the sit and reach fitness test.
when compared to normal weight children, both under- and over-nourished children performed poorer on some, but not all, health-related fitness tests.
本研究的目的是比较6至14岁正常、超重/肥胖和发育迟缓的马其顿儿童的生长情况及与健康相关的身体素质。
这项横断面研究纳入了来自共和国中部和东部19所小学的9241名马其顿国籍儿童，其中8所位于农村地区，11所位于城市环境。为了实现研究目标，应用了四项人体测量指标、两项衍生人体测量指标、两项评估身体成分的指标以及七项体能测试。对正常（非发育迟缓、非超重/肥胖）、发育迟缓（非超重/肥胖）和超重/肥胖（非发育迟缓）的儿童进行比较，并采用协方差多元分析，控制社会经济地位、居住状况（城市或农村）、性别、年龄和年龄平方。
在所有人体测量指标以及评估身体成分的指标方面，正常、发育迟缓和超重/肥胖组之间存在统计学显著差异（p < 0.000）。除握力和悬垂举腿测试外，正常体重组的儿童在所有体能测试中均取得更好成绩（p < 0.001）。与正常和发育迟缓儿童相比，超重/肥胖儿童在握力体能测试中成绩更好。与正常和超重/肥胖儿童相比，发育迟缓儿童在悬垂举腿体能测试中成绩更好。在坐位体前屈体能测试中发现了组间差异。
与正常体重儿童相比，营养不良和营养过剩的儿童在一些但并非所有与健康相关的体能测试中表现较差。
