CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
School of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Education Enrique Guzmán y Valle, 60637 La Cantuta, Lurigancho-Chosica 15472, Peru.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 15;17(10):3440. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103440.
Stunting, defined as linear growth retardation, is a serious public health problem in developing countries. We aimed to (1) describe the prevalence of stunting in Peruvian youth living in three geographical regions, and to (2) determine height and physical fitness (PF) differences between stunted and normal-growth children across age and sex. We sampled 7918 subjects (7074 normal-growth and 844 stunted), aged 6-15 year, from sea-level, Amazon and high-altitude regions of Peru. PF was assessed with standardized tests, and stunting was computed following World Health Organization (WHO) standards. A two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used. Results showed that stunting prevalence increased with age (from 6% at 6 year to 18.4% at 15 year in girls, and 9.3% at 6 year to 16.4% at 15 year in boys); was higher in boys (12.3%) than in girls (9.3%), and was higher in the Amazon region (25.3%), followed by high-altitude (24.3%) and sea-level (8.1%). Stunting had a negative overall impact on girls' and boys' statures. Further, the age-by-stunting interactions were statistically significant for both sexes, and significant differences in height varied to some degree across age. Stunted children performed worse in handgrip and standing long jump, but outperformed their normal-growth peers in shuttle-run (only boys), and in 12 min run. Further, significant differences in the age-by-stunting interaction occurred in all PF tests, varying to some degree across age. In conclusion, stunting significantly affects Peruvian youth's PF levels, and this influence is sex-, age- and PF test-specific.
生长迟缓是发展中国家严重的公共卫生问题，定义为线性生长发育迟缓。本研究旨在：(1)描述秘鲁生活在三个地理区域的青少年生长迟缓的流行情况；(2)确定不同年龄和性别的生长迟缓儿童与正常生长儿童之间的身高和身体机能（PF）差异。我们从秘鲁的海平面、亚马逊和高海拔地区抽取了 7918 名年龄在 6-15 岁的受试者（7074 名正常生长和 844 名生长迟缓）。PF 通过标准化测试进行评估，生长迟缓按照世界卫生组织（WHO）标准计算。采用双因素方差分析（ANOVA）模型。结果表明，生长迟缓的患病率随年龄增长而增加（女孩从 6 岁的 6%增加到 15 岁的 18.4%，男孩从 6 岁的 9.3%增加到 15 岁的 16.4%）；男孩（12.3%）高于女孩（9.3%），亚马逊地区（25.3%）最高，其次是高海拔地区（24.3%）和海平面地区（8.1%）。生长迟缓对女孩和男孩的身高都有负面影响。此外，两性的年龄与生长迟缓的相互作用具有统计学意义，身高的差异在一定程度上因年龄而异。生长迟缓的儿童在握力和立定跳远方面表现较差，但在折返跑（仅男孩）和 12 分钟跑中表现优于正常生长的同龄人。此外，所有 PF 测试的年龄与生长迟缓的相互作用都存在显著差异，在一定程度上因年龄而异。总之，生长迟缓显著影响秘鲁青少年的 PF 水平，这种影响因性别、年龄和 PF 测试而异。
