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A Toxoplasma gondii locus required for the direct manipulation of host mitochondria has maintained multiple ancestral functions.刚地弓形虫中一个直接操纵宿主线粒体必需的基因座，保持了多种祖先功能。
Mol Microbiol. 2018 Jun;108(5):519-535. doi: 10.1111/mmi.13947. Epub 2018 Apr 11.
2
Splendor and misery of adaptation, or the importance of neutral null for understanding evolution.适应的辉煌与苦难，或中性零值对理解进化的重要性。
BMC Biol. 2016 Dec 23;14(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s12915-016-0338-2.
3
Functional Analysis of the Role of Toxoplasma gondii Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolases I and II in Acute Mouse Virulence and Immune Suppression.刚地弓形虫核苷三磷酸水解酶I和II在小鼠急性毒力和免疫抑制中作用的功能分析
Infect Immun. 2016 Jun 23;84(7):1994-2001. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00077-16. Print 2016 Jul.
4
Host Mitochondrial Association Evolved in the Human Parasite Toxoplasma gondii via Neofunctionalization of a Gene Duplicate.宿主线粒体关联通过基因复制的新功能化在人类寄生虫弓形虫中进化而来。
Genetics. 2016 May;203(1):283-98. doi: 10.1534/genetics.115.186270. Epub 2016 Feb 26.
5
Local admixture of amplified and diversified secreted pathogenesis determinants shapes mosaic Toxoplasma gondii genomes.扩增和多样化的分泌致病决定因素的局部混合塑造了镶嵌式弓形虫基因组。
Nat Commun. 2016 Jan 7;7:10147. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10147.
6
Lytic Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii: 15 Years Later.弓形虫的裂解周期：15年后
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2015;69:463-85. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-091014-104100. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
7
Rhoptry Proteins ROP5 and ROP18 Are Major Murine Virulence Factors in Genetically Divergent South American Strains of Toxoplasma gondii.棒状体蛋白ROP5和ROP18是南美不同基因型弓形虫株的主要小鼠毒力因子。
PLoS Genet. 2015 Aug 20;11(8):e1005434. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005434. eCollection 2015 Aug.
8
Gene duplication and the evolution of moonlighting proteins.基因复制与兼职蛋白的进化。
Front Genet. 2015 Jul 7;6:227. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00227. eCollection 2015.
9
The in vivo dynamics of antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei.布氏锥虫抗原变异的体内动力学
Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1470-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4502.
10
Mechanisms of gene duplication and amplification.基因复制与扩增的机制。
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015 Feb 2;7(2):a016592. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016592.

组织内住肉孢子虫串联基因簇中的效应子变异：究竟谁需要抗原变异呢？

Effector variation at tandem gene arrays in tissue-dwelling coccidia: who needs antigenic variation anyway?

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

出版信息

Curr Opin Microbiol. 2018 Dec;46:86-92. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.09.001. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

DOI:10.1016/j.mib.2018.09.001
PMID:30317151
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6295348/
Abstract

Locus expansion and diversification is pervasive in apicomplexan genomes and is predominantly found in loci encoding secreted proteins that interact with factors outside of the parasite. Key for understanding the impact of each of these loci on the host requires identification and functional characterization of their protein products, but these repetitive loci often are refractory to genome assembly. In this review we focus on Toxoplasma gondii and its nearest relatives to highlight the known impact of duplicated and diversified loci on our understanding of the host-pathogen molecular arms race. We describe current tools used for the identification and characterization of these loci, and review the most recent examples of how gene-expansion driven diversification can lead to novel gene functions.

摘要

在质体生物基因组中，基因座扩展和多样化是普遍存在的，主要发生在编码与寄生虫外部因子相互作用的分泌蛋白的基因座中。了解这些基因座中每一个对宿主的影响的关键是鉴定和功能表征它们的蛋白质产物，但这些重复基因座通常难以进行基因组组装。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注刚地弓形虫及其最近的亲缘种，以突出重复和多样化基因座对我们理解宿主-病原体分子军备竞赛的已知影响。我们描述了目前用于鉴定和表征这些基因座的工具，并回顾了基因扩展驱动多样化如何导致新基因功能的最新实例。